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A VIEW OF THE UNITED STATES. 



THE UNITED STATES. 

a of Good Hope in 1-187 gave to tlie navigators of that t 

I native of Genoa, a skillful navigator, and a m;mof bo 

tlio patronage ot isabcua queen of Spain, departed from Pales on the 3d of August, . ,„-, ™ » . j-j -^- - ---- 

verv in the hope of finding a western passage to the East Indies. He discovered the Bahama Islands, and land- 
ed on one of them, wliich he called St. Salvador.on the 12th of October in the same year. When the success of 
Columbus was known in Europe, the kmg of England dispatched two natives of Vcmce, John and bebastian Ca- 
bot, father and son, on a voyage of discovery. They arrived in Newfoundland in June, 1497, proceeding thcnco 
tliey discovered the continent of America, and traversed its coast from the 57 deg. north latitude to Florida. Va 
tlio discoveries made by the Cabots, the EngUsh founded their claim to the eastern part of Worth America. , 
Ameiici derived its name from Americus Vespucius, a Florentine, who, with an adventurer from Portugal, 
in M'ty visited the continent at Paria in the 5th degree of north latitude, and published on his return, an account 
of his voyage, and a description of the country. The first, but unsuccessful attempt to plant a colony withm 
the hmits of the United States, was made in 1502, in some part of South Carolina, by an illustrious Frenchman, 
Jasper Colinni, for the purpose of securing an asylum for the protestants from the persecution of the cathohca 
in France. In 1501 several navigators from France came to fish on the banks of Newfoundland. 

In 1524 a Florentine, in the employment of France, visited this continent, and it is supposed that he entered 
the harbor of New-York. For many years following the coast of North America was visited by Europeans 
for the purpose of fishinf, and tradmg with the natives, but not for settlement. In 1540 the French made an 
unsuccessful attempt to plant a colony in Canada. The gallant Sir Walter Raleigh made several unsuccessful 
attempts to plant a colony in Carolina, in 1584 and the three foUowuig years. His maiden queen Elizabeth 
called this country Virginia. The first direct voyage from Europe to New England was made by Bartholomew 
Gosnald in 1602. He gave the name to Cape Cod, and erected a fort on an island in Buzzard's bay, the rmns of 
which were lately visible. ' 

In 1003 and 1605 Penobscot and Massachusetts Bays were explored, and the nvera on that coast discovered. 
In 1006, King James divided the country of Virginia, then considered as extending from the southern boundary 
of Carolina to^the northern boundary of Maine, into two districts,— North and South Vu-muia; the former ha 
granted, by letters patent, to Thomas Hanham and his associates under the style of the Plymouth Company ; 
the other "he granted to Sir Thomas Gates and his associates, under the style of the London Company. The 
members of these companies were principally merchants, whose objects were trade with the natives and the 
discovery of the precious meUals. Before the date of these letters patent the king of France had granted to Sieut 
Do Monts all the territory from New Jersey to Nova Scotia, then called Acadia. In 1604 the French made a 
Bcttlcment on the Bay of Fundy and called it Port Royal ; and in 1G08 they founded auebcc, the capital of 
Canarla. Colonies being planted in many parts of the United States by people of various nations of Europe, the 
English, cither by the right of prior discovery, or by the sword obtained jurisdiction over them all as early as 
IOgI. Although these colonies from the time of their settlement to the treaty of Aix La Chapelle in 1748 were 
much anoycd by their French neighbours and the Indians, still they grew very rapidly and added much to tho 
wealth and power of the British nation. Their settlements extended along the whole of theit coast, but not fai 
into the wUdemess. 

The settlements of the French reached from the moutli of the river St. Lawrence to Montreal. They had 
erected forts and trading houses on Lake Ontario, had planted New Orleans at the south, had discovered the 
river Mississippi, and clauned the territory on its borders with its tributary streams and its delightftU valleys. 

Theeflbrtsofthe French to connect their northern and southern possessions by a Une efforts along the 
lakes, the Ohio, and down the Mississippi, produced the war of 1754 which terminated in the capture of Quebec 
by the Englisli, September 13, 1759 ; the possession of all the Canadian posts in 1760, and a cession by France 
lo England of all the northern settlements belonging to the former in America, by a treaty of peace made at Paris, 
February 10, 1763. Tliis war cost Great Britain and her American colonies much blood and treasure. Whilst 
tho British looked down on the colonists with a spirit of pride and domination, the colonists, with the bold spirit 
of the New England fathers,counted their own resources, and learnt lessons of liberty. '' 

In 1764 Great Britain commenced a series of measures for taxing her American colonies, without allowing 
them the right of representation m Parliament. The colonies opposed those measures vyith great firmness and 
eloquence, at the s,ame time not abandoning their loyalty, until 1775, when, finding their country invaded by 
British troops, and foriiearance no longer a virtue, they flew to arms, trustmg in God and their own resources. 
M'hc skirmish at Lexington on the 19th of April 1775, and the battle of Bunker Hill on the I7th of June| 
following, told a story worthy of freemen. As early as September 5, 1774 a continental congress was held at 
Philadelpliia. All the 13 colonics attended by their delegates, excepting Georgia. Peyton Randolph was chosen 
president, Charles Thompson, secretary. 

This congress met again m May 1775 at the same place, when Jolin Hancock of Boston, tho proscribed 
patriot, was chosen president. On the 15th of June following this Congress elected George Wasliington, a 
delegate from Virginia, commander in chief of the American forces. 

Soon after this, most of the colonies established governments of their own, acknowledging no source of 
power but the people, and expressed, by their delegates to the continental congress, their wish to be considered 
sovereign and independent states. On the 7th of June, 1770, a resolution to that effect was proposed to that 
body by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, and seconded by John Adams of Massachusetts. A conunittee 
composed of Jefferson, Adams, FrankUn, Sherman, and Livingston, was appointed to draft it; and on tho 
'Itli of July, 1776, the memorable Declaration of Independence was adopted by a band of patriots and heroes, 
the only survivor of whom is Charles CarroU of Carrollton in Maryland, who was born September 20, 1737. 
The 13 state,?, united by ardent patriotism, courageously encountered the horrors and sufferings of a seven 
years' war, and under the guidance of the intrepid AVashinglon, were rewarded with triumphant success. 
In 1782 the British made overtures of peace, hostilities ceased; and on the 3rd of September 1783 a treaty of 
licace was concluded at Paris by John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and Henry Laurens. 

In 1787 a convention of most of the states met at Philadelphia to revise their old articles of confederation, 
and form a constitution better adapted to their present condition. A constitution was formed, which was 
afterwards sanctioned by the people of the several states, and which, with some amendments, is now in force. 
This constitution connects tho states more closely together by establishing a general and supreme government, 
composed of a legislative, an executive, and a judicial department. The first consists of a senate and house of 
representatives, and is styled the congress. The members of the house are chosen by the people, and hold 
their office two years. They are apportioned among the states according to the number of inhabitants, as 
ascertained every tenth year, deducting two fifths of the slaves. The ratio as cstabUshed under tho census of 
1 830, is one for every 47,700. 

The senators are the ri'prescntatives of the states in their sovereign capaiily and arc chosen for si >c years by 
thestuU' li'^islalures, each choosing two. The executive |)ower is vested in a president a|i|«)iiitid by eli-clors, 
of wlioiii each state up|Hiints a nuuibcr equal to its representatives in congress, and also two mure in such uiuuner as 
Ihc legislature may cbrect. The president is elected for four years : he is coinmander in chief of lUe l.iml a/i.l 
naval fones ; he liouiiiiates to the senate all odicers of the t;eia'ral government ; and with tlv ad\ic;' and consent 



t^.^ 



of that body, ratifies treaties. A vice prcsiJenl w chosen in the same mannci and for the same term, lo peifbim 
all the duties of president when that offlco is vacant by death, msignation or removal. The vice president is 
ex-oflicio president of the senate. The judicial power of the Uniteu States is vested in a Supreme Court, and 
such inferior courts as congress may establish : It extends to all cases arising under the constitution, the lawa 
of congress, and treaties of the United States; to all cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction, to all 
controvirsics between citizens of different states, and between foreigners and citizens of the United States. 
The Judges hold their offices during good behaviour. Neither this constitution, nor a liistory of the revolutionary 
war can be given here ; they are a part of the records of immortal fame j and, next to the book of inspiration 
should be owned and understood by every child of America. 

The government under its neiv organization commenced operations at New- York on the 4th of March 1789. 
The electors unanimously chose as their president, "the Man first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearta 
of his countrymen." 

The commercial treaty made with Great Britain by John Jay of New-York in 1794 ; advocated by the 
Hamiltons and Ameses of that day, and sanctioned by Washington, laid the comer stone of American commer- 
cial prosperity. 

With the exception of the bloodless insurrection ofShays in Massachusetts in 1786, and that in Pennsylvania 
in 1791, the momentary war with the French Directory in 1798, memorable more for its standing army and direct 
taxes than for any mihtary acliievements ; the collision with the Barbary states in 1804 and 5, in wliich Deca- 
tur, Eaton and others, gained unfading laurels; and of those wars with the natives, the fee simple proprietora 
of the soil, who still inhabit its distant borders ; the United States erjoycd,for a scries of years, unexampled peace, 
prosperity and happiness. . 

In 1807 the British nation had become as much the tyrant of the ocean as Napoleon had of the continent of 
Europe. American commerce was disturbed in every sea. On the 33nd of December 1807, the government 
of the United States commenced a system of embargo and non-intercourse laws, of the wisdom of wliich soma 
wise men have doubted. The two champions in Europe continuing at war, our gallant seamen impressed, 
our coasts invaded, and our eonmierce with foreign nations almost anniliilated, the government of the United 
States remonstrated with the French and English cabinets, and after much vain negotiation, war was declared 
against Great Britain on the 18th of June 1813. Tliis war, although of doubtful expediency, resulted in relieving 
tlio British nation of all doubt in regard to American naval prowess. Peace was concluded at Ghent on tho 
24th of December 1814, and ratified by the United States on the 17th of February following. 

Besides the territory of the British colonies, acquired by the United States, in their conflict for independence, 
much has been added to their dominions by the purchase of the Louisiana territory of France, m April 1803 ; by 
the cession of the Floridas by Spain in 1819, and by various treaties, compromises and battles wilh dilferent tribes 
of Indians, at different iieriods. 

The unmensc Territory of the United States is bounded as follows : viz. E. and S. E. by the Atlantic ocean j 
S. by the Gulf of Mexico ; S. W. by the Mexican States ; W. by the Pacific ocean, and N. by the Russian 
and British territories in North America. This extensive region has the following limits : commencing on 
Passamaquoddy bay, at the mouth of the St. Croix Rivor, and thence along the Atlantic ocean to Florida point, 
1800 miles ; thence along the Gulf of Mexico to the mouth of the Sabine river, 1100 miles ; fi-om the mouth of 
the Sabine, in common with the Mexican States to the Pacific ocean, 2300 miles ; along the Pacific ocean firom 
Lat. 42° to about 49° N. 500 miles ; duo E. from the Pacific ocean on Lat. 49° N, on the Russian territories 
to the Rocky or Chippowan mountains, 600 miles ; thence in common with British Xorth America, to tlia 
mouth of the St. Croix, 3000 miles ; having an entire outline of 9,300 mDes. 

MAINE. 

The District of Maine, so called, until it became an independent state in 1820, had been connected with 
Massachusetts in all its political and social relations. The celebrated Jolm Smith made an unsuccessful 
attempt to settle this country in 1614. The first permanent lodgement of the whites in this state v,a3 made 
from the Plymouth colony at York, in 1G30. Emigration to this state has been more slow than to those 
of a milder climate ; yet perhaps there is no state in the union, that promises more independence from its 
own natural strength and resources than Maine. Its first settlers were a race of men with good minds, stout 
hearts and strong arms ; by them and their sons the stately forests were converted into an article of commerce, 
of immense value ; thus preparing large portions of the soil for its ultimate staples, — wheat, beef] and wool. 
The St. Croix, Sheepseot, Androscoggin, Saco and other rivers, with tho noble Penobscot and Kennebec, 
flowing into the sea on her extensive coast, meeting at their mouths many delightful bays, with islands of 
romantic beauty, where good harbours abound ; together w ith her fine ships, and hardy sailors, give to Maine 
peculiar advantages for navigation and the fisheries. Portland is the most important mart of trade in this etate, and 
has a fine harbour near the sea. Augusta, at the head of sloop navigation on the Kennebec, 45 miles from its 
mouth, in lat. 44° 17' N. and Ion. 69° 50' W. is a beautiful town, and is now become the capital of the state. 

The bank capital of this state is $2,170,000. In 1826 there were 138,000 cliildrcn in Maine, between 4 and 
21 years of age, of which about 102,000 attended school. The annual expenditure is about .$138,000. Every 
town witliin the state is obliged by law to raise annually, a sum equivalent at least to 40 cents from each person 
within the town, for the support of common schools. Large tracts of very excellent land in this state, and many 
beautifid islands in the bays on its coast, are for sale on favourable terms to purchasers. 

This State is bounded north west, and north by Lower Canada ; east by New Brunswick ; south by tho 
Atlantic ocean ; and west by New Hampsliiro. Situated between 43° 5' and 48° 3 Worth Lat. and 70° 55' 
and 66° 47' East Longitude. Cape Elizabeth Light, Lat. 43° 33' N. and Lon: 70° 11' W. 

Tills State was first peopled by Europeans, by virtue of a grant from the Plymouth Company to John 
Mason and Ferdinando Gorges, in 1622. Their. first locations were at Little Harbour, on tho west side of 
Piscataqua river, and at Cocheco, now Dover. In 1031 the first house was built at Portsmouth. In 1G38 
Exeter was settled. In 1641 the first settlers formed a coalition with Massachusetts, and remained connected 
with that colony until 1679. In 1719 about 100 families from the north of Ireland settled at Londonderry : 
They introduced the foot spinning wheel, tho manufacture of linen, and the culture of potatoes. In 17715 
this colony led the van in forming a constitution of her own, founded on the free suffrages of the people. New- 
Hampshire ismore mountainous than any of her sister states, yet she boasts of large quantities of luxuriant inter- 
val. Her high lands produce food for cajtie of peculiar sweetness ; and no where can be found the necessa- 
ries, conveniences, and luxuries of life, united, in greater abundance : cattle and wool are its principal staples. 
This state may be said to be tho mother of New-England rivers. The Connecticut, Merrimae, Saco, Andros- 
coggin and Piscataqua receive the most of their waters from the high lands of New-Hampsliire : whilst the former 
washes the western boundary of the state nearly 170 miles, the latter pierces its ccntre,and at its mouth forms 
the beautiiul harbour of Portsmouth, a depot of the American navy. 

These majestic rivers with their tributary streams afford this state an immense water power, of which 
manufacturers, with large capitals, avail themselves. This state suffered much during the French and Indian 
wars, and did much in the cause of independence. From her cloud capped White Mountains, (the highest 
summit of which is Mount Washington, the loftiest elevation in the Unitel States, 6635 feet above the level of 
the sea,) or her majestic MonadnocK, a vast and diversified landscape can be seen. 

Bank capital, j$2, 103,665 This state raises annually ft90,000 for the support of common schools, and 
has a Uterary fund of a considerable amount derived from a tax on bank capital. 

This state is bounded north by LowerCanada, east by Maine, south east by the Atlantic ocean and Mass.!- 
chusetts, south by Massachusetts, and west and north west by Vermont. Situated between ivP 42' am' 45° 
14 North Lat. and 72° 27' and 70° 35' W. Lon. Portsmouth Light, Lat. 43° 4' N. Lon: 70° Hi' W. 

Connecticut river rises on the border of Lower Canada, in lat. 45:10 N. and meets the ocean in lat. 41: 
16. This river is boatablc above Hartford 200 miles. It passes through a basin of about 12,600 square 
miles of fine alluvial land, and is spotted on each side with towns und villages of superior Lvjuty. 



The territory of this stale was originally clnunrd bv iWiissochnf^ctts, ami afterwards Ivoth by New- Hampshire 
and New York. In 1777 the people inhabiting this territory declared themselves independent, and formed a 
government of their own. Although this fourteenth state was not admitted into the union until after the revo- 
lutionary contest was over, yet she vigorously resisted British oppression. Bennington, its oldest town, was 
chartered hy Benning Wcntworth, Governor of New Hampshire, in 1749. A range of mountains covered 
with spruce, hemlock'and other evergreens divides this state nearly in its centre ; hence its name ; and hence 
the epithet " Green Mountain Boys," celebrated for their bravery in the war of independence. 

From these mountains many rivers take their rise ; the most imporlant are, Otter Creek, Onion, La Moelle 
and Michiscoui, which empty into Lake Champlain, on the west ; and West, Wliitc and Passumsic, which pass 
to tho Connecticut on the cast. This state is very fertile and produces all sorts of grain in great abundance. 
C.ittlc of various kinds are raised here with great facility. Wool is becoming an important staple in this state. 
Manufactures flourish on many of the delightful streams of Vermont, and its hills produce marble of superior 
■ ■aellence. The scenery of this state is very romant ic and beautiful ; the air is pure and healthful ; the people 
iiiilustrious, intelligent, hospitable. A trip to Middlebury, from any point of the compass, is exceedingly 
j'Trccable. The trade of this state on the west passes to New- York by Lake Champlain, the northern canal 
ami Hudson river ; that on the east to Connecticut river. Some of the trade of this state reaches Boston 110 
miles S. E. of Windsor, and 210 miles S. E. of BurUngton, on Lake Champlain : some also reaches Montreal 
lOOmilcs N. of Burlington. Freight from Burlington to New- York, 291 miles, $5 per ton. 

The state is bounded north by Lower Canada, E. by Connecticut river, south by Massachusetts, and W. 
by New-York. Situated between 43° 44' and 45 North Lat. and 73° Iff and 71° 20[ W. Longitude. 

A rail-way from Boston to lake Ontario is in contemplation. An enterprize of this kind, well worthy the 
consideration of thcintelligent citizens and capitahsts of Massachusetts, New-Hampshire and Vermont, will greatly 
benefit those states, and make Boston a powerful competitor with New- York, for a large portion of the immense 
northern and western trade. 

Vermont has 13 banks, vfhose aggregate capital is about a million of dollars. About $100,000 is annuallj 
raised in this state for the support of common schools. Vermont has a Uterary fund of about S25,000. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Tliis state, the parent of all of the New England colonies, was first permanently settled by Europeans at 
Plymouth on the 22d of December, 1620, by a sturdy band of 101 independents, the persecuted subjects of 
king James the first of England. Another colony, under the style &f the Massachusetts Bay colony, was planted 
at Salem, in 1G28. These colonies remained separate till 1686, when both colonies were deprived of their 
charters. In 1692 they were united into one colony under a new charter. 

The country, now the New-England states, was formerly called North Virginia, hut owing to the favorable 
representations of it made by the celebrated John Smith, who visited Massachusetts bay in 1C14, it has ever 
since, m compliment to its luxuriance and beauty, borne its present name. 

During the Indian and French wars, Massachusetts expended much blood and treasure ; — on her soil the 
Srst spark of American independence was lighted, and her ann was the strongest in the combat for its achieve- 
ment. This state has about 40 millions of dollars invested in manufacturing stock ; more than 20 millions 
of dollars in bank capital, and about 8 millions in insurance stock. A great variety and amount of manufactured 
articles are exported from this state ; also fish, whale-oil, lumber, beef, pork and other productions of the sea 
and soil. Her literary, religious and charitable institutions are the pride of Massachusetts- Within a few 
years Boston alone has expended nearly two millions of dollars for objects of tliat character, exclusive of an 
annual expenditure of about $200,000 for the support of pubUc and private schools. 

At present Massachusetts has no school fiind, but from the wisdom of her legislature no doubt can be enter- 
(ained that one will soon be estabUshed from the sums lately received and still due from the national treasury. 

Although Massachusetts cannot boast of her navigable rivers, canals and railways to faciUtate the commerce 
of her capital ; yet she can boast of the most beautiful bay on the map of the western world ; of her noble 
streams for water power ; of her luxuriant vales, of her granite hills, of her ships, and the material for building 
them ; and of her gallant sailors who traverse every sea, and who well understand the uses of the hook, harpoon 
and cannon. 

This state is bounded north by Vermont and New-Hampshire ; east by the Atlantic ocean ; south by 
Rhode Island and Connecticut, and west by New-York. Situated between 41° 31' and 42° 53' North Lat. 
and 73° 17' and 69° 4S' W. Lon. Cape Cod Light House is in N. Lat. 42° 6' and W. Lon. 70° 7. 

RHODE-ISLAND. 

The Father of this state was Roger Williams, a man remarkable for his benevolence, justice, and pacific policy. 
He was banished from the Plymouth colony for avowing the doctrine of the equal toleration of all religious 
sects in the same political community. He purchased lands of the Indians at Moosehausic, where, in 1636, with 
his followers he laid out a plantation, and which place, in grateful acknowledgment of the kindness of 
heaven, he called Providence. 

In 1638, William Coddington and others followed WilUams and settled the island of Rhode-Island. By the 
wisepolicy of Williams towards the Indians, and his respect to all sects of religion, this colony was rendered 
ixcccding prosperous. 

This smallest state in the union possesses great advantages for commerce and manufactures, and the 
entcr}irize of its citizens leads them to neglect neither. There is perhaps no place in the world where Tritons and 
spinning jennies strive so harmoniously for victory. ^ 

Rhode Island is celebrated for its mild and salubrious climate, which is thought peculiarly favorable to female 
beauty. 

This state has a hank capital of upwards of 6 millions, and pays annually $10,000 for the maintainance of 
free schools. It is worthy of remark that this is the only state in the union which is without a written constitu- 
tion. Its government is founded on the charter of Charles 2d in 1663. 

This state is bounded north and east by Massachusetts, south by the Atlantic ocean, west by Connecticut. 
Situated between 41° 18' and 42° 1' N. Lat and 71° 48' and 71° 1' W. Lon. Newport is one of the best har- 
bours in the world, in Lat. 41° 29' N. and Lon. 71° 18' W. Ft. Judith Light L. 41° 24' N. Lon: 71° 37' W. 

CONNECTICUT. 

The Plymouth Company in England granted this territory to the Earl of Warwick in 1630, who, in the follow 
ing year, assigned it to Viscount Say and Seal, and Lord Brook, but it was first settled by the whites at Wind 
sor, by a party from the Plymouth colony, in 1630. Hartford and Weathersfield were settled by parties from 
Dorchester, Cambridge, and Watertown, Massachusetts, in 1635 and 1636. 

The Dutch claiming this country, as belonging to the New Netherlands, it was a subject of strife between 
them and the English untU 1G50, when a treaty of amity and partition was made. In 1638 a party from Eng- 
land planted a colony at New-Haven, which remained unconnected with that on Connecticut river until 1665, 
when they were miitcd. Blessed with a salubrious climate and a fertile country of hill and dale, the people 
of this state probably enjoy as much happiness as is allotted to any part of the human family. Her population 
is always full, and although her domain is not extensive, no Atlantic state has sent so many of her cliildren, or 
so large a share of intellectual wealth to the western country, as Coimccticut. 

If the love of liberty, hterature and the arts, of social feeling and moral worth has an asylum on earth, Con- 
necticut may boast that it is to be found within her bosom. 

Connecticut has a bank capital of about 5J millions of dollars, and is rich in the productions of her soil and 
industry, which find their way down her lovely rivers, to her commodious harbors ; but her best capital is her 
School Fund, which amounts to nearly 2 millions, allording instruction to about 90,000 children annually. 

This state is bounded north by Massachusetts ; east by Rhode-Island ; south by Long Island sound, and 
west by New- York. Situated Iwtween 40° 58' and 42° I'N. Lat. and 72° 37' and 71° 43' W. Lon. Montauck 
light house, at the cast end of Long Island,is in Lat, 41° 4 E^- and Lon. 71° 49' W. 



NEW-YORK. 

Henry Hudson, an EnglishmaTi, sailing in the Dutch service, discovered Long Island, the harbour 
of New- York, and the noble river that bears his name, in the year 1609. The Dutch built Fort Orange, at 
Albany, and commenced a settlement on Manhattan Island in 1613. The Dutch claimed all the country 
between the Connecticut and Delaware rivers and called it Ncw-Nctherlands. The English had always con- 
tested the right of the Dutch to this territory, and in 1664, Charles II. of England having granted to the Duke 
of York and Albany all the country between Nova Scotia and Delaware bay, the New Netherlands came into 
the possession of the English. Fort Orange was then called Albany, and Manhattan, or New-Amsterdam, 
New- York. New-York stands unrivalled by any of her sister states in the union of those things which consti- 
tute the prosperity of a people. Her central situation, her excellent climate, her fertile and extensive territory, 
her navigable rivers, her inland seas, her mighty cataracts and never failing streams ; together with the proximity 
of her cliicf city to the ocean, all afford her tlic greatest advantages in agriculture, commerce and manufactures. 
What the haml of nature has withheld from New-York, the genius ot her CUntons and Fultons has supplied. 
Already more than six hundred miles of canal intersect her beautiful domain, linking river to river, and ming- 
ling the waters of the Atlantic with those of the northern and western lakes. Already nearly one hundred 
steam boats move through her waters with an average speed of about ten miles an hour, propelling an 
agirregate burthen which would require a power of between four and five thousand horses. This state produces 
in great abundance all the staple commodities and luxuries common to the climate, the surplus of which, and 
large quantities from other states, find an easy access to the great mart of New- York. The salt springs at 
OiTondaga Lake, at the villages of Salina, Syracuse, Liverpool and Geddes, produce a large revenue to the state ; 
and the mineral waters at Ballaton and Saratoga give health to many, and pleasure to all that visit them. 

The rapid increase of this state in wealth and population, the magic growth of villages and cities along the 
lines of river, lake and canal communication, and the corresponding development of poUtical and intellectual 
power, render the history of New-York in the highest degree valuable and interesting. 

The enterprising Mr.'Hugh White, from some part of New England, made the first settlement at Whitestown, 
Oneida county, 100 miles west of Albany, in 1784. At that time the country to the north and west of that 
place, even to the great lakes, was a dense forest inhabited only by savages and wild beasts. In 1830 the county 
of Oneida had a population of 71,326 ; bank and insurance capital $1,100,000, and 15 cotton factories employing 
968 hands, malang annually $525,000 worth of goods. The Oriskany woollen factory, in this county, makes 
annually SlSO.OOOworth of goods. Utica, Rome and Whitesborough are the county towns. Population of 
Utica 8333, Rome 4360, Whitestown 4410. 

The county of Monroe, 160 miles west of Whitestown (by the canal) has a population of 49,862. 50,201 
acres of wheat were cut in this county in 1830, supposed to nave averaged 20 bushels to the acre. The largest 
village in this county is Rochester, 7 miles S. of lake Ontario at the falls of Genesee river, in the towns of 
Brixton and Gates, and was firstsettled in 1812. This village has now a population of 9,269. 519,725 barrels of 
flour were shipped from this place on the canal and down the lake from August 20th 1828, to December 1st 1830. 

In 1830, 1512 vessels arrived at New- York from foreign ports, of which 1366 were American, 92 British, 7 
Spanish, 12 Swedish, 2 Hamburg, 5 French, 8 Bremen, Haytian, 9 Danish, 2 Brazilian, 2 Dutch, and 1 
Portuguese. The revenue of the customs, the same year, was about 13 millions of dollars. The number of 
passengers brought by the above vessels was 30,224. The number of arrivals at New- York from foreign ports 
in 1829 was 1310 — passengers, 16064. At the port of New- York, in 1830, the amount of registered tonnage of 
American vessels engaged in foreign commerce was 284,169 tons : do. engaged in the coasting trade, 39,600 
tons. Licensed vessels engaged in the roasting and river trade, 90,294 tons — and licensed for the fi.sheries 457 
tons. In 1830 there were exported from N. Y. 304,352 barrels of wheat flour, 174,182 bushels of corn, 12,099 
tierces flax seed, 23,765 barrels pot and pearl ashes, 104,940 bales of cotton, and 5,306 packages of domestic 
cotton goods. 

This state is bounded north by Lower Canada, east by Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut; south 
by New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and west and north west by Upper Canada. Between 40° 30' and 45° 
N. Lat. and 72° 55' ami 79° 50' W. Lon. Sandy Hook lighthouse, at the southern entrance of N. Y. harbour, 
is 18 miles from the city of N. Y. and in Lat. 40° 30' N. and Lon. 73° 54' W. 

KfElSV-JEKSEY. 

This state was first settled by the Danes, at Bergen, about the year 1624. This country was inhabited by 
the Swedes and Dutch for many years. The soil of this slate is not naturally well adapted to agricul- 
tural pursuits, much of the land being either marshy or sandy ; yet its proximity to two of the largest 
markets in the United States, and the industry of its inhabitants have rendered it exceedingly productive of all 
sorts of fruits and vegetables common to the cUmate, together with grain and meats of various kinds. This state 
has many rivers navigable for small vessels. The beautifiil fall of 70 feet perpendicular on the Passaic river at 
Paterson, 18 miles N. W. from New- York, and 15 miles N. of Newark, is finely adapted, and well improved for 
manufacturing purposes. 

Amboy, in Lat. 40° 31' N. and W. Lon. 74° 11', at the mouth of the Raritan river, 23 miles from New- York ; 
land-locked by Staten Island, and approachable from the sea by almost any wind, has one of the best harbours on 
the continent. This state has abundant mineral resources, particularly iron of an excellent quality. 

This state has a bank capital of upwards of 5 millions; and in 1829 a school fund of about 35246,000. Frora 
the school fund, and a tax on the bank capital, a liberal appropriation is made for common schools in this state. 

This state is bounded north by New-York ; east by the Atlantic ocean and New- York ; south by Delaware 
bay ; and west by Pennsylvania. Situated between 38° 5T and 41° 22* north Lat. and 75° 25' and 73° 53 
W. Lon. C. May, opposite C. Henlopen, Del. L. 38° 56' N. Lon: 74°37' W. 

. PENNSYLV ANSA. 

WiUiam Penn, the founder, of this powerful state, was the son of Sir William Penn, an admiral in the 
British navy. He united himself with the society of Friends, then a persecuted sect in England. For services 
rendered by his father, king Charles the second, in 1681, gave him a tract of land in the western world, and 
called it Pennsylvania. Penn, with about 2000 followers landed at New Castle, on the Delaware, in 1682. 
and proceeding up the river, planned Philadelphia, "the city of brotherly love," and erected about 80 buildings 
in the same year. The piety, philanthropy, and wisdom of its founder, the fertility of its soil, the healthiness 
of its climate, the pacific disposition of the natives, and the lessons of experience derived by the settlement of 
other colonies in earlier days and under more rigorous skies, all conspired to render this colony the most pros- 
perous of any of which history gives an account. Penn died in 1718 aged 74 years. 

The resources of this stale are immense ; and the character of the people is well calculated to give them a 
proper direction. The beautifiil Delaware, and other navigable waters of Pennsylvania, its canals and fine 
loads furnish Philadelphia with a great amount of domestic exports, and render it one of the most important marts 
of foreign and domestic commerce in the United States. 

Pennsylvania is the greatest, manufacturing state in the union, and Philadelphia takes the like rank among 
our manufacturing cities. This state yields to no other in the variety and extent of its mineral treasures, par- 
ticularly in its exhaustless mines of anthracite and bituminous coal. It would also be unjust to omit honourable 
mention of the extensive and costly system of canals and railwaj;s, which are either completed or in progress, 
under the patronage of the state, for which, and other internal improvements 15 million of dollars are already 
expended or appropriated. The Bank capital of this state is $12,815, 334. Harrisburg, its capital town is 98 
miles W. N. W. of Philadelphia. 

This state is bounded north by New-York ; east by Now jfersoy ; south east by Delaware ; south by 
Maryland and Virginia ; and west by Virginia and Ohio. Situatd between 39° 43' and 42° 12' N. Lat. and 
72° 35' and 80° 26° W. Lon. Cape Hciilopen^at the south enhance of Delaware bay, is in Lat. 38° 55' N. 
iind Lon, 75° W. •« -- 



DELAWARE. 

The first Europeans that settled this state were a party oi Swedes and Pinna, Who,undeT tho patronage rf 
Gustavus A Jolphus landed at Cape Hcnlopen in 1627. They purchased lands of tho Indians on both sides of 
the river Delaware, and settled themselves at Lewistown, ami at tho month of Christiana Creek, near Wilmington. 
In IG55 the Dutch took possession of this country, and retained it until the New-Netherlands were subjuga- 
ted by tho English in 1664. Tins country was formerly called the " Territories" and afterwards tho " three 
Lower Counties on Delaware" and formanyycars was under the jurisdiction of Pennsylvania. 

The name of this state, of the bay and river, is derived irom Lord De la "War, one of the first settlers of 
Virginia. This state is generally low and level, is chiefly agricultural, and produces all the staples and luxu- 
ries common to its climate, particularly wheat, of which large quantities are floured and exported. The people 
of this state have always been as celebrated for their patriotism as the "Delaware regiment" was for its 
bravery. 

An important work has lately been completed, the Chesapeake and Delaware canal, which crosses the 
northern part of the state, and unites the two great bays by sloop navigation. '' 

This state has a school fund of $170,000. No district is entitled to any share of this fund, that will not raise, 
by taxation, a sum equal to its share of the income of the fund. Bank capital SI, 050,000. 
' This state is bounded north by Pennsylvania ; east by Delaware river, Delaware bay, and the Atlantic 
orcan ; and south and west by Maryland. Situated between 38° 29' and 39° 50* N.llat. and74°5G'an<l 
75°40'W.Lon. 

HARTLAND. 

About 200 Roman Catliohcs from England, uiuler a grant from Charles tho first to Lord Baltimore, were 
the first white settlers in this state. They arrived at the mouth of the Potomac in February, 1G34, and purchased of 
the Indians a large village where St. Mary's now stands : Lord Baltimore died in 1676, much honoured and beloved. 

This colony was an asylum for the persecuted of religious sects Irom all parts of the world ; which circum- 
stance, with the hospitality of the natives, the fruitfulness of its soil, and the mildness of its climate, tended 
greatly to its early growth and prosperity. This state is well watered by many rivers emptying into its spacious 
Chesapeake bay, affording many facihties for the navigation of large and small craft. The soil of tliis state is 
adapted to the growth of all sorts of grain, and other commodities suited to its latitude. Its exports of flour and 
other bread stuffs are immense ; tobacco is also a staple article. 

The genuine white wheat, and the bright kites foot tobacco, are said to be peculiar to Maryland. 
Its beautiful capital city, Baltimore, is now an important mart of trade ; and when her splendid internal im- 
provements are completed, will be one of the most favourable positions for foreign and domestic commerce in the 
U. S. Cape Henry, the S. point of entrance into the Chesapeake bay is in N. Lat. 36° 58' and W. Lon. 75° 55'. 

The capital of this state is Annapolis, 30 miles S. of Baltimore. Bank capital about lOJ millions. The 
school fund is derived from S75,000 paid by the U. S. for advances made by Maryland during the late war, 
and by a tax of 20 cents on every $100 bank capital. 

This state is hounded north by Pennsylvania ; east by Delaware, and the Atlantic ocean ; south and west 
by Virginia. Situated between 38° and 39° 43' North Lat. and 75° 15' and 79° 25' west Lon. 

DISTRICT OF COIiUniBIA. 

In the year 1790 the states ot Maryland and Virginia ceded to the U. S. the territory of this district for tu8 
purposes of a national capital ; and in 1800 it became the seat of the general government of the United States. 

This district is delightfully situated on both sides of the Potomac. The land is finely elevated, rather 
sterile, but pleasantly diversified by hill and dale. The climate is esteemed very healthy. The mean tempera- 
ture is about 55° of Fahrenheit. The city cf Washington is not only the capital of the nation but also of the 
district. It is under the imuediate government of congress. Georgetown and Alexandria are withiu its limits. 

The capital is in Lat. 38° 52' 45'' N. and 76° 55' 30" W. Lon. from Greenwich. The CapitoHn Wash- 
ington is a massive building of the Corinthian order, of free-stone, about 350 feet in li-ont, which, with the presi- 
dent's house, and offices for the several departments, is in a style suited to the convenience and dignity of their 
objects. . 

The English made an inroad upon this district and either destroyed or much damaged the public buildings at 
Washington on the 24th of August 1814. The trade of this district is considerable j but it will doubtless b« 
much augmented when the canal from Washington to the Ohio is completed. 

The Congress of the United States meets at Washington on the first Monday of December annually, unless 
it is otherwise provided by law. , 

TIRGINIA. 

Three ships with one hundred and five persons, under tho command of Christopher Newport, in the service of 
the London Company, having on board Captain Gosnald and otlier men of standing, arrived from England at 
the mouth of the Chesapeake bay on the 26th of April, 1607. On the I3th of May following they landed and 
settled at Jamestown, on James river. The object of these adventurers was partly curiosity to see a new race 
of beings ; but chiefly to acquire wealth by finding silver and gold, with which this country was supposed to 
abound. Among these adventurers was John Smith, a man of great boldness of character, and one who had 
been well schooled in the knowledge of human nature both by travelling and adversity. 

North America was then a wilderness, iidiabited only by a race of men who had no written language, and no 
tradition whereby their origin can be known. They lived in tribes, scattered over the country, each governed by 
a chief, or king. They subsisted by hunting and fishing, and by cultivating small quantities of Indian corn. 
They were darker in color than the Spaniard, but not so black as the negro. 

They were unacquainted with the arts, and even with the use of metab. Their weapons of war were a bow 
and arrows, a stone hatchet, or tomahawk, and a club. They were brave, and susceptible of all the best and 
worst feelings common to humanity. The colonists at first suffered exceedingly from their own improvidence, 
and the conduct of the natives towards them. Were it not for the extraordinary exertions and enterpri2e of 
Smith, and the kindness of Pocahontas, the daughter of Powhatan, a powerful Indian king, this embryo of a 
Herculean nation would have perished. About the year 1613, Pocahontas married Mr. Rolfe, a respectable 
Virginia planter. They went to England, and after receiving from the king and queen the honors due to her 
rank, and their acknowledgments for her valuable and disinterested services, she died, leaving one child. The 
virtues and graces of this amiable woman will always live in American story ; among the best sons of Virginia 
are those who count with pride the drops of her blood circulating in their veins. In 1620 and 1621 one hundred 
and fifty young women were sent from England and sold to tho planters as wives, at prices varying from 100 
to 150 pounds of tobacco, then worth three shilUngs the pound. About this time twenty negroes were landeil | 
from a Dutch vessel and sold for slaves 1 

In 1688 the population of Virginia was about 60,000. The face of this country is much diversified. The 
part towards the sea is low and level : some of it is marshy : to the west it rises by degrees and becomes moun- 
tainous. The soil is quite productive, and large exports arc made from this state of flour, corn and tobacco. 

This state is intersected by many beautiful navigable rivers, of which the Potomac, Shenandoah, James and 
Rappahannoc are the most considerable. Virginia, often called the "Ancient Dominion," is celebrated for her 
mines and minerals ; for her curious caves, springs, and natural bridges ; for the urbanity and intelhgence of her 
citizens ; for her seconding the movements for American Independence ; and, above all, for her being the mother 
of the Father of his country. 

This state is bounded north by Pennsylvania and Maryland, northeast by Maryland; cast by the Atlantic 
ocean ; south by North CaroUna and Tennessee ; and west by Kentucky and Oliio. Situated between 36° 
33' and 40° 39' N. Lat. and 75" 35' and 83° 29' W. Lon. 

Tliis state has a bank caj.ital of S.5,607,0C0, and a Literiiry Fund of $1,233,523. $4,5,000 of tliis fund is 
;mnually appropriated to the education oftlie i«)or. This.statehas also a fund devoted to internal iin[-rovements 
of $2,100,591. The whole capiUiLemployed within this state, in internal iniprovcments, is about 34 millions. 



NORTH CAMOLIXA. , ». ,„»^ , „• , 

About the year 1645, a ntimber of Virginiana took possession oi the country nortH or Albemarle Monno. 
They appear to have lived without much rosard to law. In 1(101 a settlement was made near the Clarendon 
river by adventurers from Massachusetts, wliich was abandoned hy them in 1GG3, and their place was soon alter 
supplied by emigrants from Barbudoes. North and South Carolina were included m one grant frora Charles 
the 1st in 1630° under the name of Carolina. . u .t. 

About 1675, two governments were established in Carolma unaer their present names, yet both were 
Jnder the direction of the same proprietors until 1729. This country is low, level, and exceedingly marshy for 
50 or 80 miles from the sea, it then becomes mountainous. , , , , , 

This state produces cotton, rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, line oak and pitch pine timber. Much tar and turpen- 
tine are made in this state. Many of its rivers are navigable for a. considerable distance, for such vessels as can 
pass the bars at then: mouths. . .,, . ,. . ■ .u 

It is the misfortune of North Carolina that she has no good harbors. A still greater misfortune is the 
unhealtliiness of her seaboard generally. The hilly and mountainous tracts, however, enjoy a salubrious chmate. 
There is an uncommon variety of climate and productions within the limits of this state. Gold has of late 
years been found in large quantities, and it is now believed that North Carolina is the centre ol the great gold 
rcffion of the United States. , . ,,,,,, ' • j /• " 

ISv a report of the directors of the mint to Congress for 1831, it is stated that there was received from 
N Carolina $294,000 worth of gold ; from Virginia, $26,000; and from Georgia, $176,000. Alabama 
and Tennessee furnished gold bullion to the amount of about $2,000 ; " indicating, (as the report remarks,) 
the pronressive development of the gold region." This section of country is naturally divided into three 
zones, presentin'T very distinct and appropriate features. The first is near the sea, and quite unhealthy. 
The second is tlio sand hill tract, interspersed with some valuable river alluvial land. The third is the 
hilly and mountainous tract, which is tho most extensive and fertile portion. The latter and middle 
tracts are as favorable to health as any section of our country as low as forty degrees north. 

Capes Hatteras, Fear, and Look Out arc on this coast. Hatteras is m L.at. 60" 13 N. and L,on. 73" JO W. 
Much of the trade of this state passes to South Carolina and Virginia. 

This state has a bank capital of S3,70O,0O0, and a common school fund of S'!'0,000. The " Great Dismal 
Swamp" in this state, covering about 140,000 acres, extcnils from Albemarle, to Pamlico Sound. A canal 
of 32J miles long, 38 foet wide and SJ feet deep passing through this swamp is in operation and greatly facili- 
tates the trade of the state. , ^ ,. 

This state is bounded north by Virginia : east by the Atlantic ocean, south by South Carolma, and 
west by Tennessee. Situated between ?.;!" 53' and 30° 33' North Lat. and 75° 45' and 84° W. Lon. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. . . . 

The territory of this state and North Carolina was in the same grant from Kinw Charles I. in 1630. In 1670 
the governor of Carolina planted a settlement at Port Royal, or Beaufort. The Dutch, French and English, 
all from different motives, made settlements in South Carolina. Tliis country, for more than 100 miles from 
the sea, is low, abounding with swamps and marshes. About 150 miles west of Charleston is the ridge, a tract 
of high land, beyond which the country becomes much elevated. 

This state has many beatable rivers, wliich, vrith its safe and convenient navigation among a great numlicr of 
fertile sea islands, makes Charleston a city of much commercial importance. The soil of this state is various, 
produeinff cotton, rice, indigo, tobacco, wheat, com, fine timber, a great variety of fruits, medicinal plants and 
dyestufTs. , . -■ 

South CaroUna is eminently an agricultural state : in each of its various divisions of sod, peculiar plants caa 
be reared in abundance. The climate has the heat of the tropics, and the changeableness of more northern skies. 
This state is noted for its patriotism during the struggle for independence, and for the hospitality of its inhabitants. 

The character of the people of this state is perhaps more definitely formed than that of any part of the U. S. 
Warm, geiierou? and brave, they are also passionate and indolent. 

Bank capital |6.031.833. An annual appropriation is made by the legislature of about $40,000 for the support 
of free-schools. Charleston Light. L. 33° 44' N. Lon: 79° 40' W. 

This state is bounded north and north cast by North Carolina ; south east hy the Atlantic ocean ; and south 
west bv Georgia Situated between 33° and 35° 10' North Lat. and 78° 30' and 83° 10' West Lon. 

GEORGIA. 

In 1732, some benevolent gentlemen in England concerted a project for planting a colony in the southern 
part of the territory uicludcd in the Carolina charter, for the purpose of transporting thither the indigent sub- 
jects of Great Britain, and the persecuted protestants of all nations. General James Oglethorpe was a great 
promoter of this philanthropic scheme. In 1773, a number of emigrants arrived and settled at Yainacraw 
blufi; or Savannah. By the liberality of the proprietors in extending thck patronage alike to all classes of 
emigrants, as early as 1740 the number of settlers was 3198. 

The Alleghany and Apalachian mountains terminate in this State. They extend north through the CaroUnas, 
Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, to the Cattskill in New- York. 

It is thought that the diversity of soil is greater in Georgia than in any other single state in the union. 
About one half is flat, alluvial land, the residue hilly or mountainous, and abundantly fertile. Many valuable 
tropical productions can ho cultivated in this state. Oranges, olives, figs, and other articles, which are stran- 
gers at the north, are easily raised. The flat land is, however, like that of Carolina, quite unhealthy. This 
state is bounded north by Tennessee ; north cast by South-Carolina ; south east by the Atlantic ocean ; south 
by Florida, and west by Alabama. Savannah and Augusta are its chief marts of trade. Cotton and tobacco 
are its staple articles. .,,,., ,- , . 

This state has a bank capital of $0,882,349, and considerable funds for the support of academies and 
common schools. i. r^i. i 

Two considerable tribes of Indians reside partly within the chartered limits of this state, the Cherokees and 
Creeks. The Cherokecs have made more rapid advances in the arts of civilized life than any other tribe of 
N. American Indians. In 1837 the population of this tribe was 13,563. They o\vned 1,377 slaves. Their 
increase for 6 years was 3,563. In 1801 the Mission at Spring Place was established ; since which tunc many 
others have been brought into successful operation. 

In 1827, 500 native cliildren attended the missionary schools, all learning the English language. 

Situated between 30° 19' and 35° North Lat. and 80° 47' and 85° 43' West Lon. 

ALABAMA. ^ _ ,^ ^^^ . 

This state is bounded north by Tennessee ; cast by Georgia ; south by Flonda and the gulf of Mexico ; 
and west by Mississippi. Between Lat. 30° 13' and 35° N. The face of this state is much diversified, and 
its soil differs in quality from the best to the worst. That part of the state that lies along the gulf of Mexico 
is low, marshy and sandy, and is unhealthy : about 10 miles from the coast the country becomes more ele- 
vated and more healthy, but less productive. As in this section of country generally, the land decreases in 
value on receding from tho rivers. This state abounds in rivers, some of wliich are boatable for a great 
distance. The most important of these are the Tombigbec, Alabama and Tennessee. The latter passes through 
the northern section of the state ; and the two former, after meandering tlirough nearly tho whole extent of the 
state, fall into Mobile bay, near the town of Mobile 

All parts of this state are productive of maize; and small grain is raised in its hilly and northern parts. 
Cotton IS the chief staple. A great variety of fruits are easily cultivated here, such as the apple, pear, peach and 
plum ; and even the fig and pomegranate in the lowest latitudes. 

Mobile, in N. Lat. 30° 40 and W. Lon. 88° 1 1', is the mart of trade of this state. It is a place of increasmg 
importance, but its <'rowth is impeded by the sand bars at the mouth of its harbor. 

The capital of this state is Tuscaloosa, 326 miles E. of N. from Mobile. This state has a bank capital of 
upwards of a million, and a large fund for internal improvements. Congrws has been liberal to Alabama in 
granting to her groat resources for the odvanceTucnt of cdurnti«;n. 



MISSISSIPPI. 

This state takes its name from the great river which lorms the chief part of its western boundary. Its 
soil is various. Two-thirds of the state are supposed to he covered witli pine forest, and only about } 
part is cither bluflj or river alhivial; this portion of the soil is however of remarkable fertility. "It is chiefly 
confined to the west and south west parts of the st.ate, and these accordinijiy contain a large share of tho 
white inhabitants, leaving the northeastern part to the almost exclusive possession of the Indians. There 
is a sea coast of about 80 miles, but not a single harbor, so that New Orleans is the mart of the state. This 
state has a large range of Latitude, and its climate is quite variable ; the thermometer at Natchez has 
stood as low as 1'3 above zero of Fahrenheit. The seasons are however generally mild and warm. Cotton is 
the great staple ; the fiw abounds south of 33°, but the orange is not entirely safe from occasional frost. The 
natural and exotic productions of the soil are innumerable. Among the animals, the alligator may be mentioned 
as beina often found in the streams. Mississippi was formerly a part of Georgia. Perhaps no 
jilaco \v ill be J I lorc appropriate than this for a brief description of the basin of tho Mississippi. This inunense 
territory is believed to comprise an extent of more than 1,200,000 square miles, the whole of which is drained 
by tho Mississippi and its confluents, and the united mass poured through the delta of Louisiana into the 
gulf of Mexico. The greatest length of the Missouri, from its remotest soiu-ce, to the gulf of Mexico, is esti- 
mated at 4,500 miles ; that of the Mississippi proper at 3,700. The whole basin may be divided into 4 great 
valleys ; those of the Ohio, the Upper Mississippi, the Missouri, and the Lower Mississippi. The Ohio valley 
is a vast inclined plane, into which the chief river and its tributaries have worn deep channels. Two very 
remarkable facts should be noticed. The one is that all that part of this tract above Pittsburg, is at least 200 
feet above lake Erie, and if a channel should be formed from that place to the lake, the gentle waters of the 
Ohio would leave their present bed, and rush in a torrent to swell the St. Lavfrenee. The other fact is that 
the waters of this valley do not flow in the bottom of the real slope of the inclined plane ; that bottom is indica- 
ted liy the course of the Illinois river. This great valley has a broken, and in the south east a mountainous 
surface ; generally it has a temperate climate, and a richly fertile soil. Its staples arc wheat, and the other 
cereal grainina. Tkc Upper Mississippi valley is widely different from the preceding. The climate is colder ; 
and here we enter upon those boimdless prairies, which produce not a single tree, and are in general stiitablo 
only for the pasture of cattle. Vast tracts around the head waters of the Mississippi are only a marshy plain. 
The waters have a sluggish descent, and the region is of course imperfectly drained. This valley has little to 
invite settlers in comparison with the beautiful countries of the Ohio, and forms a gradual approach to the next 
EubdivLsion of the Mississippi basin. The Missouri valley is by far the most extensive of the four valleys, 
containing nearly one half the surface of the whole basin. Here may be observed the muddy nature of the 
water, and another curious fact^ that all the great tributaries of the Missouri flow from its right bank, and only 
unimportant streams from the left. But the chief circumstance which deserves to be mentioned of this valley 
is, that with the exception of narrow tracts along the margins of the rivers, the whole of tlus vast territory is 
one boundless prairie. In summer it is described as an arid waste, and in winter the bleak winds from the 
north sweep over it without obstruction. It is however represented to be abundantly stored with valuable 
mineral productions, as coal, iron, &c. The valley of the lower Mississippi is the last of these great valleys, 
and is perhaps, of all parts of the U. S. the most diversified in surface, climate, soil and productions. On the 
margin of the rivers is some of the richest land in the world ; then follow impenetrable swamps and morasses ; 
iiirthcr on, a beautiful undulating, and wooded territory, while over other tracts those interminable prairies extend, 
which seem only intended for the dwelling of the butfalo and the deer. In these last much resemblance is 
found with the steppes of the interior of Asia : among other things, the fact that some of the rivers as the Arkan- 
saw, Red, &c. are made brackish by the extensive beds of salt over which they roll. Natchez, the principal 
commercial mart of this state, is situated on elevated ground on the left bank of the Mississippi^ in N. Lat. 
31° 33' and W Lon. 91° 25'. 

The only bank in this state is at Natchez. Its capital is S1,000,000 and has, withits branches, exclusive banking 
privileges until 1840. Its dividends, for several years past, have averaged nearly 13 per cent per annum. This 
slate has a Uterary fund of about 3{30,000, but no part of it is available till it shall amount to $50,000. As yet 
no system of primary schools has been adopted in this state. 

The Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes of Indians own more than half of the territory of this state. 

This state is bounded N. by Tennessee ; E. by Alabama ; S. by the gulf of Mexico and Louisiana ; W. by 
Louisiana and the Arkansas territory. Between Lat. 30° 10' and 35° N. and Lon. 88° 10' and 91° 35' W. 

LOUISIANA. 

There is perhaps no portion of the world, of the extent of Louisiana, which has so great a variety of soils, or 
so many water courses within its territory. This state has about six million acres of alluvial land of superior 
excellence ; the residue of her soil, about 24 million acres, consisting of pine forests, prairie, river inundated 
land, and sea marsh, is, for the most part, unfit for agricultural purposes. 

There is but little land of a medium quality in Louisiana : it is generally either extremely fertile, or 
entirely worthless ; and from the vast proportion of the soil which can never be used for agricultural pur- 
poses. It can never be expected that this state should support a population equally dense with those of the 
northern states. It is observable that the settlements in Louisiana are not in spots, or groups, but in lines or 
strips, along the margins of the rivers. Extremes of manners prevail as well as of soils ; from the highest degree 
of luxury and refinement in the rich planters near New Orleans, to the semi barbarism of the wild hunters of 
the buffalo and the deer, upon the boundless prairies of the south west. Throughout the state there is nearly an 
equal mixture of the French and American population, but the latter is fast gaining ground. Louisiana has 
Bet her sister states the example of leaving the English law, and forming for herself a valuable code, modelled 
upon the civil law. 

The Mississippi river passes the whole length of this state, and on its left bank, about 105 miles from the sea, 
stands New Orleans, the great store house of a large portion of the productions ol this interesting section of the 
western world. New Orleans was first settled by the French, about the year 1717. It is 304 miles, by water, 
below Natchez, 1148 below St. Louis, 977 below the mouth of the Ohio, 1480 below Cincinnati, and 1929 miles 
below Pittsburg. 

From the mouth of Bed river to Natchitoches, Lou. is 18C miles ; from the mouth of the Tennessee, to 
Florence, Al. 300 ; and from the mouth of the Cumberland to Nashville, is 203 miles. Chillicothe, Ohio, 
is 45, and Columbus 90 miles, on the Scioto river, from Portsmouth on the Ohio. From St. Louis to tho 
head of tho Mississippi is 1618, and from that place to the supposed source of the Missouri, is 3,235 miles. 
Although tho climate, at the outlet to tlie ocean, of the almost boundless waters which unite at New- 
Orleans, is exceedingly unfavorable to health in summer months — and the eflbrts to attract the trade of 
this iirmiense region to the east and north, by canals and rail roads, through a country affording unequalled 
facilities for projects of that nature, are great and untiring ; still New-Orleans must remain one of the 
first marts of commerce in the world. The amount of domestic produce and manufactures exported from 
New-Orleans in tho year 1818, was $16,771,711. 

Thefreiglit of goods up tho Mississippi and Ohio from New Orleans varies according to the state of the waters. 
When the rivers are most favorable, 50 cents per cwt. is the usual price to St, Louis and Cincinnati. Insurance 
from New Orleans to those places, about IJ per cent. 

This state comprises the southern part of a large tract of country purchased bytheU. S. of France in 1803. 
The river Mississippi was discovered by two French Missionaries in 1673. The country was afterwards explored, 
and, in honour of Louis the XIV. was called Louisiana. 

This state has a bank capital of about $9,000,000. The capital invested in the cultivation of the sugar cane 
is supposed to amount to 30 millions of dollars. 50,000 hogsheads of sugar are considered an average crop, and 
5 per. cent, is considered an average profit. The number of steam boats actually running on the Mississippi 
and its tributary strea ns in 1830 was 213. The first steam boat on these waters commenced running in 1812. 
By legislative enactment nearly S40,000 are annually appropriated to the education of the poor. 

This state is bounded N. by the Arkansas territory ; E. by Mississippi ; S. by the gulf of Mexico, and W by 
the Mexican states. Between Lat. 29° and 33' N. and Lon. 89° and 94° W. 



TENNESSEE. 

This state was first settled )>y the whites in 1765, and was formcrlv n part of North CatoUna and ceded by 
that state to the United States in 1789. In consequence of a part of this state being very low, and a part of 
It very highland, the soil and climate are more various than in any other portion of the United btates whose 
difference of latitude is only 1° 40'. The soU of tliis state is generally very luxuriant, and produces large crops 
of cotton, wheat, rice, and tobacco. , „ ,r. •. • i.i 

There are probably few tracts of country in the U. S. more finely watered than Tennessee : it is completely 
veined bv navic-ablo rivers. Being remote from the sea, it is not exposed to sudden changes m temperature; 
the winters are quite mild, so that it has been observed that the season of vegetation lasts at least three months 
lonc^er here than in Maine or New Hampshire. The Indians who still reside here are among the best speci- 
mens of the sons of the forest ; so much have industry and civUization unproved their manners. , , , 

Its chief rivers are the Mississippi, which washes its western borders ; and the Tennessee and Cumberland, 
wliieh rise in or near the Cumberland mountains, and after meandering through a large tract of country faU mto 
the Ohio, a few miles above the junction of that river with the Mississippi. ■, w i? 

Its trade is down the Mississippi to New Orleans. Nashville is a considerable place of trade, 430 miles JS.k.. 
ofNatchez,and480milcsN.N.E.ofNew Orleans, by the Jackson road. . ,.,.... , 

Bounded norlli by Kentucky ; east by North Carolina ; south by Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi ; and 
west by Mississippi river. Between 35° and 36° 40' North Lat. and 81° 45' and 90° 3' West Lon. 

This state is bounded north by Ohio and Indiana ; east by Virgrnia ; south by Tennessee ; west by Illinois- 
and Missouri: between 36° 30' and 39° 10' North Lat. and 8lf 45' and 89° West Lon. This territory 
was a part of Virginia uutU 1792, when it became a state. The clunate is very fine, and the soil superior for 

""^The &st wWteStlcrs removed to Kentucky in 1775, and its growth has been ever since exceedingly rapid. 
The external appearance of thmgs is so inviting, that it has been caUed the " garden of the west." It is richly 
wooded, and has an immense variety of flowering plants and shrubs. Nor is this beauty deceptive, for a large 
Dart of the state is covered with a deep strong soil. Nearly the whole country rests on a lime stone foundation, 
mto which the rivers have worn deep channels, of course leaving the banks bold and precipitous In the summer, 
there is in many parts, great difficulty in procuring fresh water. Till steam boats navigated the Mississippi, 
ahnost aU the salt used in these regions was obtained from salt springs, or hcks, so called, because the buffaloes 
and other wild animals used to come to these springs and hck up the earth around that was saturated with salt 

Its staples are wheat, corn, cattle, hemp andsalt. Its commercial outlet is by he river Ohio which washes the 
whole of its north-western boundary. The Kentucky, Sandy, Licking and Cumberland, are its pnncipal 
rivers. They take their rise in the Cumberland mountains, and fall into the Ohio river. rinrini,.ti 

Louisville in Lat. 38° 3' N. and Lon. 85° 30' W. above the rapids ol the Ohio, 132 miles below Cincinnati 
and Lexington, 76 miles E. of LouisvUle, are the principal inland marts of the commerce of this state A canal 
passes around the falls of the Ohio at LouisvUle. LouisviUe is one of the most promismg towns in the western 

^'"'"■y- ..' OHIO. 

This state was formeriy a part of the north western territory. It is hounded S. E. by the Ohio river, or 
Virginia: south by Ohio river, or Kentucky; west by Indiana; north by Michigan territory and Lake Lne, 
and E by N. by Pennsylvania. Situated between 38° 30' and 42° N. Lat. and 80° 20' and 84° 43 W. Lon. 
The first permanent settlement of the whites in this state was commenced in H^, at Marietta, near the 
iunctionof tL Ohio and Muskingum rivers in Lat. 39° 25' N. and Lon 81° 18; W. 172 miles below Pittsburg. 
The waters of the Oliio and its tributary streams, with those of Lake Erie afford this state peculiar pnvilegcs. 
The best proof that can be given of the exuberance of its soU and the industry and enterprize of its people is 
to state the fact, unprecedented in the settlement of any country, that in 1783 this territory was inhabited only by 
savages ; and that in 1830 it had a population of nearly a miUion, enjoymg aU the comforts and luxuries o» 
civilSed life in profusion, without a slave to teach them the blessings of Uberty; and with mmds and means to 
lister good schools, the banc of slavery. _ , , , ■ .l ■ • i 

This state is eminently agricultural, and has many and various staples; wheat, however, is the principal. 
Some ancient fortifications have been found in this state, and other traces of a people far exceeding m civiliza- 
tion any of the present tribes of N. American Indians. This state has a school fund of S150,000; and ono 
mill on a dollar of the estimated property of the state is annually levied and appropriated to the maintenance ol 
common schools. One thirty sixth part of the land in this, and other new states in the west, la devoted to purpo- 
ses of education. . , ,. u • nu- i 
The trade of this, with the Atlantic states is very considerable ; and is carried on by the nvcrs Ohio and 
Mississippi to New Orieans ; and by lake, canal and river navigation to New York. Omcinnati, in i.at 
39° 6' N. and Lon. 84° 22' W. was first settled in 1789, and has become one of the most important inland 
depots of commerce in the worid. From 15th February, 1830, to February 15, 1831, there were 12T7 vessels 
arrived at Cincinnati, and 1263 departed from thence. When the Baltimore and Ohio rail way and canal are 
finished much of the trade of this state will go to Baltimore. , , , ■ , 
> Yet, notwithstanding the powerful spirit of enterprise, and the vast sums expended and appropriated 
by the states of Pennsylvania and Maryland to divert the trade of this and other western states to their 
respective capitals, and the increasing facilities for the navigation of the Ohio and Mississippi to New. 
Orleans ; still, the peculiarly favorable position of the city of New-York, together with the gigantic 
schemes of internal improvement, formed by the state of New York and the western states, aided by 
unparalleled natural advantages,— must give to the " commercial emporium" the largest share of the com- 
merce of this rich and rapidly increasing part of our country. By a report of the Auditor of this state, ior 
1830, the amount of taxable property was fC4.580.655. Among the items of taxes for 18J0,^J,b.71b 
are for state and canal, and f 224.267 for county and school. Total tax for 1830, $559,074. Bank 
capital, i 1,600,000. 

This state was formerly a part of the north western territory. It was erected into a territorial government in 180a 
it is bounded north and north west by Michigan territory and lake ; east by Ohio ; ^""i^ly Kentucky, or tte 
Ohio river ; and west by Illinois. It lies between 37° 47' and 41° 46' north Lat. and 84° 43 and 87 55 west 
Lon. Tho face of this country is more level than that of Ohio : Its productions are much the same, although 
there is not so large a proportion of good land. .t . ui -i i,„„ ■,„ ,^„«„ 

Yet there are parts of this state not exceeded in fertility by any country ; the vegetable sod has in many 
places measured ^2 feet in depth. The most striking feature in the geography of Indiana is the Prji»- <-^»' 
natural meadows, which extend over a large portion of the state. They are destitute of trees, and covered with 
grass and wild flowers, of 6 or 8 feet high. These prairies cover a vast extent of country north west of the Oho 
Snd also on the west of the Mississippi. They afford pasturage to countless herds of buffaloes, deer, and various 
other wild animals. 



which falls into Lake Erie ; which, when accomplished, will afford Indiana a safe and easy intercourse with 
New York 

Vincennes and Indianapolis are flourishing towns; the former is on the Wabash ; in N. Lat. 39° 47'and 
W. Lon. 85° 58'. The course of the trade of this state is at present down the Oluo and Mississippi to New 
Orleans : one thirty sixth part of the public lands in tliis state are appreprmtid for tho support ot scliools. 



ILLINOIS. „ ^ ^ „^ • 

There is no section of our country of equal extent whose soU and climate are so well adapted to all kmd« 
of agricultural purposes, or whose water communications with the ocean are more numerous and miportant 
than those of Illinois. The face of this country is generally cither prairie, or rolhng, rather than hiUy land ; it 
18 mostly level in its eastern section. There is but little if any waste land m this state ; and at this period there 
are lar^e portions cf its territory, of superior soil and climate, densely covered with forest tunber, for s^alc at price, 
well wSrthy the attention of the settler or speculator. Illinois river, which traverses the whole of the centre ot 
tliis state, and falls into the Mississippi 36 miles above St. Louis, 1184 above New Orleans, is a subject of curi- 
osity in as much as it is the natural hnk between the ahnost boundless waters of the Mississippi basm, and 
those ofthe western lakes. The distance from the mouth of the Illinois to Chicago, on Michigan lake, is 
upwards of 400 miles, yet the fall from a summit level on that river, both to the Mississippi and to lake Michigan 
does not exceed 60 feet. Loaded boats of considerable size pass on that river, to and from those distant waters, 
in the season of freshets, without any elTort of art to facilitate the navigation. ,. , 

But few sections ofthe globe can compare with this state in its natural water commumcations and in tho 
choice of markets which those communications aflbrd. A safe, expeditious, and probably as cheap a uiethod 
as a traveller from the eastern and northern sections of the U. S. can adopt to reach Vandalia, the capital of 
lUinois, with or without heavy baggage, is to take the Erie canal at Albany to Buffalo, 363 miles ; thence to the 
mouth of the Maumee river in Ohio, at the S.W. extremity of that lake, about 250 miles ; thence up the Maumeo 
80 miles to a portaire of 5 miles to the Wabash ; then down tho Wabash about 240 miles to Palestine 
Illinois, and from thence to Vandalia about 80 miles by land. Whole distance from Albany to Vandalia lOiS 
miles. Passage from Albany to Bufl'alo by canal boaLf, »5 ; from Buflalo to Sandusky bay, or Detroit, by sloop 
navigation about $3. Freight from New York to Albany, 114 miles, $2 20, from Albany to Bufialo $-J), 
and from Buffalo to Sandusky, or Detroit, S5 60 per ton. Freight dmi-n to Albany about 50 per cent. less. 
Transportation on the interior rivers about the same as on the canal, and land carnage rather less than m JNew 
England. When the Miami canal is finished, from the Maumee to Cincinnati, a good passage may be obtamed 
that way ; but the distance, if not the expense, will be much increased. 

When it is considered that the insurance by river, canal and lake navigation is very trifling, and the passage 
for eiffht months in the vcar, certain ; whilst the insurance to and up the Mississippi is very considerable, and 
the p^sage circuitous, slow and uncertain ; the northern route to and from this region is decidedly preferable. 

The reflection has been naturally suggested, that " if we glance an eye over the immense regions thus con- 
nected • if we regard the fertility of soil, the multiplicity of product which characterize those regions ; and if 
we combine tho:^ advantages afforded by nature, with the moral energy of the free and active people who are 
spreading their increasing millions over its surface, what a vista through the darkness of future time opens upon 
us ! We see arts, science, industry, virtue and social happiness, already increasing in those countries beyond 
what the most inflated fancy would have dared to hope thirty or forty years ago." The mouth ofthe Maumeo 
in Sandusky bay is 565 feet above the tide waters at Albany; and the fall of the Ohio and Mississippi from 
PittsburcT to New Orleans is 500 feet. Illinois lies between lat. 36° 57' and 43° 30' N.and in Ion. 87° 12' and 
91° 5' W Bounded N by the N. W. territory ; E. by Imliana ; S. by Kentucky ; and W. by Missouri. 

MISSOURI. 

This state is bounded N. E. and S. E. by the Mississi|ipi river ; S. by the territory of Arkansas ; and W. 
and N. by the western unappropriated territory of the U. S. i;>nnerly a part of Louisiana. Between Lat. 36° 
and 40° 36' N. and Lon. 88° 25' and 'J4° 10' W. The territory of this state was formerly a part of Louisiana. 
The first white settlements were made by the French in 1760. St. Louis was first settled in 1762 ; but this 
country havin" changed masters, passing from France to Spain, and then from Spain to France, grew in popu- 
lation and imimrtance but slowly until the cession of it to the U. S. by France in 1803. There is perhaps no 
region of country in the world, ofthe extent of Missouri, that can compare in the magnitude, number and navi- 
gable facihties of its rivers. St. Louis, or some place in its vicinity, seems destined by nature to become an 
important mart of a vastly extended country. The soil of Missouri on its numerous rivers, of which the -Mis- 
sissippi, Missouri, Lemaine, St. Francis, Black, Merrimack, and Osage, are the most considerable, is of a 
3uality equal to any in the western country, but the soil of tho greater part of the territory is by no means pro- 
uctive. The cUmate of Missouri is liable to great extremes of heat and cold. In metal and other fossil sub- 
stances Missouri is probably the richest region in the U. S. The lead mines of Missouri, which are 
chiefly in the county of Washington, are considered the most valuable in the known world. The lead from this 
eource is understood during the year 1830. to have coni|>letely excluded foreign lead from our markets, unless 
in very inconsiderable quantities. From the various \ijd minia of the U. S. nearly 15 millions pounds wcro 
produced in 1829. When this state was adiiiitto.l inlu the union, a great eflbrt was made to interdict slavery 
within its territory : but the friends of slavery prevailed. 

MICHIGAM TERRITOMY, 

This territory includes a peninsula formed by Lakes Huron, St. Clair and Erie on the north east. Lake 
IHichiwan on the west, and boundeil south by the states of Oliio and Indiana, and also the extensive tract of 
country between the Mississippi, and the Lidies Superior and Mieliigan. From the fertiUty of the soil, the 
goodness of the climate, and the ease with which produce can be transported by lake, cana], and river naviga- 
tion to New York, it cannot be doubted that this territory will soon become an important member ofthe union. 
Indeed it possesses singular advantages for the most extensive inland conuuerce, and is already the centre ot 
the north western fur trade. The face of the country is generally flat, or gently rolling. There is much that 
is extremely fertile ; but the coldness and groat length of the winter will probably obstruct its settlement till tho 
more southern regions ofthe Ohio shall be tilled. 

Detroit is the principal place of business in Mieliigan. It is situated on a strait between lakes Eric aSiJ St. 
Clair, 18 miles from the former, and 1) miles below the latter. Detroit was first settled by the FrencliMjitl670, 
and has ever been a point of country of considerable interest. The passage ofthe strait of St. Clair, iii summer 
months, is very pleasant, the banks fertile and well cultivated, the water gentle and of sufficient depth for ships 
of great burthen. Freight from Detroit to the city of New York, 837 miles, $14 per ton. Insurance about 
{ per cent. Detroit is in N. Lat. 42° 24', and W. Lon. 82° 58', and 526 miles from Washington. 

This territory is situated between 41° 31' and 46° 51' North Lat. and 82° 18' and 87° 25' West Lon. 

ARKANSAS TERRITORY. 

This territory was formed out of ancient Louisiana, and became a territory ot the U. S. in 1819. It is bounded 
east by the river Mississippi ; south by Louisiana and Red river ; west by Texas ; and north by the unai)pro- 
priateil territory of the U. S. and by IVIissouri. It extends about 550 miles from east to west, and between N- 
Lat. 33° and 36° 30'. The first settlements in the Louisiana country were made in tliis territory. From 
the great extent of this territory, the face of the country, the soil and the cUmate are much divcrsilied. 
A chain of mountains passes through Arkansas from N. E. to S. W. and extends into Texas. The country 
S. E. ofthe monntains is low and liable to annual submersion. To the N. W. the country presents a large 
expanse of prairie, without wood, except on the borders of rivers. As low at Lat. 35° the thermometer ranges 
from 97° above, to 20° below zero. Arkansas has a large portion of land of great fertility, which produces 
cotton, wheat, corn, cattle, with a great variety of fruits afid vegetables. Large quantities of iron ore, gyjisum, 
anJ common sail are found in tliis territory. Arkansas, its principal river, and after the Missouri, the largest 
and longest tributary ofthe Mississippi, rises in the Rocky mountiiins, and after meandering a great distance 
traverses this territory nearly in the centre and falls into the Mississippi 591 miles above New Orleans. 

White river is also very considerable : a steam boat from the Mississippi arrived at Batesville, on that river, 
about 400 miles distant, on the 4th of January 1831. 

Little Rock is the capital, and the primipal deposit of the trade of this territory : Little Rock is on the Arkan- 
sas river, about 120 miles above it.- uiDutli. The Hot Springs of Arkansas have become famous for their 
medicinal virtues. They are situated mar the forks of the Wachitta livcr. and are much frequented The 
land around tlicin is called " the land of peace ;" and tribes of Indians unfriendly to each other, on arriving at. 
this olace, always suspend hostilities. 



FLORIDA TERRITORY. ^ 

This territory is bounded north by Georgia ; cast by the Atlantic ocean ; south by the gulf of Mexico ; and 
west by the same gulf and Alabama. This is the most southern part of the U. S. It is divided into East and 
West Florida ; the foimer is on the Atlantic ocean and- has St. Augustine for its capital, in Lat. 29° 45' N. and 
Lon. Hl° 30' W. The latter is on the gulf of Mexico and hasPensacola for its capital, in Lat. 30° 28' N. and 
Lon. 88° 12' W. Both are however under one territorial government. Florida was discovered in 1512, and was 
first settled by the French, in 1563. In 1G39 it was conquered by Spain. Although Florida b a peninsula of 
more than 1000 miles outline of sea coast, only 120 miles mean breadth, and less in size than the state of 
Illinois, yet owing to the indolence or inattention of its former possessors, a large portion of its territory is 
but imvierfectlv known. From the best sources it appears that the soil of Florida is of an inferior quality, 
excepting those sections of it near and along its streams. The vegetable productions of Florida are numerous 
and valuable ; cotton, indigo, rice, sugar-cane, Indian corn and tobacco ; also the olive, orange, lime, peach and 
fig tree arc already cultivated with success. It is suppo.'ied that the coflee plant would flourish here. The livo 
oak and laurel magnolia are indigenous. The capitals of Florida are its chief marts of trade. Both have good 
harbors ; Pcnsacola is also a depot of the American navy. 

The small island of Key West is near the coast of Florida, in the gulf of Mexico, a rendezvous for ships of 
war and merchantmen, the most southerly settlement of the U. S. in Lat. 24° 34' N. and Lon. 81° 33' W. 

The climate of Florida is soft and delicious, rarely sulTering from extreme cold, and constantly refreshed by 
sea breezes from the Atlantic or the gulf of Mexico. Invalids from all parts of the U. S. resort to St. Augustine 
for health, and are generally benefited by the air. Bank at Tallahassee, in Lat. 30° 28' N. and Lon. 84° 3G' W. 
capital SCOO.OOO. Pcnsacola is 1050, and St. Augustine 841 miles from Washington. 

This territory was ceded to Great Britain in 1763, and in 1781 it was again recovered by Spain. 

GREAT ^WESTERN TERRITORY. 

With Oic exception of a number of trading houses, and military posts, this territory is peopled only by tho 
natives of the forest. Its government, for temporary purjjoses, is connected With that of Michigan. The best 
account of the character of the natives, the soil, climate and rivers of this country is found in the journal of 
Lewis & Clark, who under the direction of tho national government, traversed this immense region, over the 
rocky mountains to the Columbia river on the Pacific ocean, in the years 1804, '5 and '0, and in a later account 
by Major Long, who, with an exploring party visited the valley of the Missouri in 1823. 

Our knowledge however of this territory is at present quite limited ; but as a part of the soil is known to bo 
very good, the face of the country rather undulating than hilly, the climate mild for its latitude, particularly ou 
the western side of the mountains, and the passage of the Rocky mountains less difficult than has been supposed, 
other states and tcrritorieslike Ohio, Illinois and Michigan will doubtless arise in this distant, but highly interest- 
ing section of the territory of the U. S. Large quantities of furs and peltry arc collected in tlus territory and 
sent to Detroit. 

This territory has a western outline on the Pacific ocean of about 500 miles. The Columbia, Oregon, or 
River of the West is estimated to be about 1600 miles long ; it rises in the Rocky mountains in Lat. about 55° N. 
and falls into the Pacific ocean in Lat. 46° 19' N. and Lon. 123° 54' W.; and is navigable 183 miles from its 
mouth, to which distance the tide flows. 

This river is also navigable a great distance above tide water, after passing some short narrows, rapids and falls. 
The Oregon territory, so called, is that portion of this country lying west of the Rocky mountains. From the 
mouth of the Columbia to Washington is about 3, 100 miles. 

When the Indian titles to these unappropriated lands of the U. S. arc extinguished, 150 states may bo 
formed of larger territory than that of Massachusetts. 

THE GREAT LAKES. 

These immense waters, whose centre generally makes the boundary line between the United States and 
the Canadas, have a natural outlet to the Atlantic ocean, by the river and gulf of St. Lawrence. An assem- 
blage of such vast fresh water seas, the immense basin or country in which they are embodied, the great arte- 
ries which supply them, and the rapid increase of population within tliis basin ; together with their relative 
position between two powerful nations, deserve a few remarks even in tliis brief outlhie of the United States. 

Passing from tho sea up the St. Lawrence, the first important place we meet is duebee, the " Gibraltar o( 
America," about 400 miles from the sea, in Latitude 46° 47' N. and 71° 10' W. Longitude. The St. Law- 
rence is navigable for the largest vessels to Gluebec, and even to Montreal, in Latitude 45° 31' N. .and Longi- 
tude 73° 35' W. 166 miles above Q,ucbec, for vessels of 400 tons. The tide flows to within 60 miles of Mon- 
treal ; a greater distance than it is known to flow in any other river in the world. From Montreal to Ogdens- 
burg, one of the termini of a contemplated rail-road from Boston, a distance of 120 miles, the St. Lawrence is 
in many places very rapid and of difficult navigation. From Ogdensburg to Lcwiston, the most northern and 
western points of navigation on Lake Ontario, is al>out 290 miles. Tbis lake covers an area of 5,100,000 
acres, and is navigable lor the largest ships. Passing the great cataract of JMiagara, from Lcwiston to Bulliilo, 
is 28 miles. From Buflalo to Detroit, is about 330 nules. Lake Erie covers an area of 7,680,000 acres; but 
its depth of water is not so great as that of Ontario. A large amount of tonnage is employed on this lake ; 
and its commerce, as well as that of Ontario, is rajjidly increasing. 

The strait of St. Clair, 27 miles long, on which Detroit is built, connects this lake with tho.sc of St. Clair, 
Huron, Michigan, and Superior. The St. Clair covers an area of al)out 800,000, and Huron about 12,800,000 
oeres. Lake Michigan is about 300 miles long, and covers an area of 9,000,000 acres. This lake is wholly 
within the limits of the United States. Michigan is connected with Huron by the strait of Michilimackinack, 
40 miles long, which, with the lake, is navigable for large vessels. 'Mackinaw is an island in this strait, a 
place of considerable trade, has a custom house, and is a jjort of entry. 

Passing from Lake Huron by the strait of St. Mary, about 40 mites long, and having a fall of about 23 feel, 
we come to Lake Superior, the largest fresh water sea in the known world. This lake is elevated above the tide 
waters of tho Atlantic ocean, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 611 feet ; and covers an area of 19,200,000 acres,. 
From the northern and western extremity of this lake, to the mouth of the Gulf of the St. Lawrence, is about 
18tX) miles ; and the whole area covered by the waters of the lakea mentioned, is 54J million acres, or 85,155 
square miles. 

Great and laudable exertions are making by tho British government and the people of the Canadas to draw 
the trade of this immense basin to Montreal and (iucbec. More than a million of dollars has already been 
expended on the Welland canal to unite lakes Erie and Ontario by sloop navigation round the falls of 
Niagara : the distance is 42 miles ; and the elevation of lake Erie, above Ontario, is 334 (eet. When we 
consider the many and great difficulties attending the n.avigation of the St. Lawrence, it is confidently believed 
that our canal and rail-road systems, particularly the latter, will prove the best medium of commercial operations 
between this basin and the ocean. 

INDIANS IN THE UNITED STATES.— It is calculated that there are 313,130 Indians within the 
limits of the United States : viz. in Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Virginia, 2,573 ; 
New York, 4,820; Pennsylvania, 300; North Carolina, 3,100; South Carolina, 300; Georgia, 5,000; Ten 
nessee, 1,000; Ohio, 1,877; Mississippi, 23,400; Alabama, 19,200; Louisiana, 939; Indiana, 4,050; Illi- 
nois, 5,900; Missouri, 5,631; Michigan, 9,340 ; Arkansas, 7,2(X) ; Florida, 4,000 ; in the country cast of the 
river IVIississippi, north of Illinois, and west of the three upfwr Lakes, 20,200 ; west of the Mississippi, east 
of the Rocky Mountains, and not included in the states of Louisiana or Missouri, or the territory of Arkan- 
sas, 94,300 ; within the Rocky Mountains, 20,000 ; and west of the Rocky Mountains, between latitude 44° 
to 49°, 80,000. The United States have acquired of the Indians, by treaty at various times, in difierent 
states, 209,219,805 acres of land. The United States pay to different tribes permanent annuities, aiuount- 
ing to $142,525, and annuities limited to end in ten years, $163,325. 



LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES 

I)F SOME PRINCIPAL PLACES IN 
FOREIGN OOIINTRII!S. 

Alexandria, Egypi,31d Ilm N.30d 13m E. 
Algiers, Africa, 36d 49m N. 3d 5m E. 
Amsterdam, Holland, 52d 22m N. 4d S3 E. 
Archangel, Busaia, 64d 32m N . 40d 44m E. 
Athens, Greece, 37d S8m N. 23d 45m E. 
Balavia, Island of Java, 6d 12m S. 106d 

56m E. 
Berlin, Prussia, 52d 32m N. 13d 22m E. 
Bermuda, Atlantic Ocean, 32d 35m N. 

63d 28m W. 
Bombay, East Indies, 18d 57m N. 73d 

00m S. 
Breslaw, Silesia, Sid 6m N. 17d 2m E. 
Brest, France, 48d 23m N. 4d 29m W. 
Buenos Ayres, South America, 34d 37m 

S. 53d 24m W. 
Brussels, Netherlands, 50d 51m N. 4d 

22m E. 
Cadiz, Spain, 36d 32m N. 6d 17m W. 
Cairo, Egypt, 30d 3m N. 31d IBni E. 
Carthagena, South America, lOd 25m N. 

70d 30ra W. 
Canton, China, 23d 8m N. I13d 13m E. 
Calcutta, East Indies, 33d 3Sm N. 88d 

30m E. 
Cape Francois, Hayti, 19d 46m N. 72d 

18m W. 
Cape of Good Hope, Africa, 33d 55m S. 

18d 24ln E. 
Cape Horn, South America, 55d 58m S. 

67d 21ni W. 
Constantinople, Turkey, 41d Ira N. 38d 

55m E. 
Copenhagen, Denmark, 55d 41m N. 12d 

34m E. 
Dantzic, Prussia, S4d 21m N. 18d 38m E. 
Dresden, Saxony, Sid 3m N. 13d 43m E. 
Dublin, Ireland, S3d 12m N.6d 35m W. 
Edinburgh, Scotland, 55d 57in N. 3d 

13m W. 
Funchal, Madeira, 32d 38ni N. 17d 6m W. 
Geneva, Switzerland, 46d 12m N. 6d 

Sim E. 
Genoa, Italy, 44d 2Sm N. 8d 58m E. 
Gibraltar, Spain, 36d N. 5d 19m W. 
Goa, E. Indies, 15d 31m N. 73d 4Sm E. 
HaUfax, Nova-Scotia, 44d 45m N. 63d 

25m W. 
Hamburgh, Germany, 53d 33m N. 9d 

S9m E. 
Havre, France, 49d 29m N. Od 7m E. 
Havana, West Indies, 23d 9m N. 82d 

I3mW. 
Jerusalem, Asiatic Turkey, 31d 48m N. 

33d E. 
Lisbon, Portugal, 38d 42m N.9d 9m W. 
Lima, South America, 12d 3m S. 77d 

7m E. 
London, England, 51d 3Im N. Od 9m W. 
Lyons, France, 45d 46m N. 4d 50m E. 
Madrid, Spain, 40d 25m N. 3d 42m W. 
Uanilla, Phlllippine Islands, 14d 38m N. 

120d 58m E. 
Madras, East Indies, 13d 4m N. 18d 

17m E. 
Malacca, East Indies, 3d 10m N. 102d 

5mE. 
Mexico, North America, 19d 26m N. 99d 

5m W. 
Milan, Italy, 4Sd 2em N. 9d 12m E. 
Moscow, Russia, SSd 46ni N. 37d 33m E. 
Montevideo. South America, 34d 35m S. 

58d34m W. 
Munich, Bavaria, 48d 8m N. lid 35m E. 
Nankin, China, 32d 4m N. I18d 47m E. 
Naples, Italy, 40d 50m N. 14d 6m E. 
Olahcite, Pacific Ocean, 17d 26m S. 149d 

30m W. 
Owhyhce, Sandwich Islands, 20d 17m N. 

I56d Om E. 
Paris, France, 48d 50m N. 2d 20m E. 
Palermo, Sicily, 38d 7m N. 13d 22m E. 
Pekin, China, 39d 54m N. 116 d 28m E. 
Port Jackson, New Holland, 34d Om N. 

lS3d 12m E. 
Porto Rico, West Indies, 18d 29ra N. 66d 

13m W. 
Prague, Bohemia, 50d 5m N. 14d 25ni E. 
Quito, South America, Od 13ni S. 78d 

55m W. 
Rio de Janeiro, South America, 22d 54in 

S. 43d 18m W. 
Home, Ilaly,41d 54in N. 12d 30m E. 
8iam, Asia, 14d 21m N. lOOd 50m E. 
St. Helena, Atlantic Ocean, 17d44m N. 

Sd 4gm W. 
St. Petersburgh, Russia, 59d 56ra N. 30d 

19m E. 
Stockholm, Sweden, 59d 20m N. I8d 

4m E. 
Bmyma, Asia, 38d 28m N. 27d 7m E. 
Tobolsk, Siberia, 58d I2m N. 68d 6m E. 
Tripoli.'Africa, 36d 49ni N. 3d 5m E. 
Tunis, Africa, 36d 48m N. lOd 

11m E. 
Turin, Piedmont, 4Sd 4ra N. 7d 40m E. 
Vienna, Austria, 48d 13m N. 16d 

S3m E. 
Warsaw, Poland, SSd 14m N. 31d 

3m E. 
Wardhuys, Lapland, 70d 22m N. 31d 

701 E. 
York, U.Cauada, 43d 33nj N.79d 20m W. 



J. i 



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1 Maine 

2 N. Hampshire 

3 Vermont 

4 Masssachusetts 

5 Rhode Island 

6 Connecticut 

7 New- York 

8 New-Jersey 

9 Pennsylvania 

10 Delaware 

11 Maryland 

12 D. of Columbia 

13 Virginia 

14 N. Carolina 

15 S. Carolina 

16 Georgia 

17 Alabama 

18 Mississippi 

19 Louisiana 

20 Tennessee 

21 Kentucky 

22 Ohio 

23 Indiana 

24 Illinois 

25 Missouri 

26 Michigan Ter. 

27 Arkansas Ter. 

28 Florida Ter. 


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3,783,907 
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114,409,303 


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Samuel E. Smith 
Samuel Dinsmoor 
William A. Palmer 
Levi Lincoln 
Lem. H. Arnold 
John S, Peters 
E. T. Throop 
S. L Southard 
George Wolf 
David Hazard 
T. H.Carroll 

John Floyd 
Montfort Stokes 
James Hamllton,Jr. 
Wilson Lumpkin 
John Gayle 
A. M. Scott 
A. B. Roman 
William Carroll 
John Breathitt 
Robert Lucas 
Noah Noble 
John Reynolds 
John Miller 
George D. Porter 
John Pope 
William P. Duvall 


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^ CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES— 1830. 

Jfif" The seats of government of Uie several stales are printed in small capitals; and the county towns, or eeats, in 
Italics. Tlie tirst tigures give ihe population of ilie county in 1H20 ; tJie second, tile population of the county in 1830 : Then 
is given tlie population of the county town, 1830, with its course and distance from some noted town, or the capital of the 
state, and its distance from Washington ; and then is given the population in 1830, of as many of the largest towns, in each 
county, as the litnils of tllis work will permit. The population is taken chiefly from ollicial sources : The distances are from 
tlic "Tabic of the Post Offices" for 1831. 

MAINE.— CUMBERLAND Co. 49,445—60,113. City of Port/anti, 12,601 ; 542 miles from Washington. Brunswick, 
3,747. Gorham, 2,988. Minot, 2,908. North Yarmouth, 2,604. Frccport, 2,tJ23. TalmouUi, 1,906. Durham, 1,731. Cape 
ElizabeUl, 1,697. Gray, 1,575. HANCOCK Co. 17,850.-24,347. Castine, ],I5j. 134 JV. E. by E. from Portland, 076. 
Bucksport, 2,237. Deer Isle, 2,217. Vinalliavcn, 1,794. Sedcwick, 1,006. Mount Desert, 1,603. Ellsworth, 1,385. Penob- 
scot, 1,271. Bluchill, 1,499. Brooksville, 1,089. KENNEBEC Co. 40,150—52,491. Acousta, 3,980, 53 N, N. K. 595. 
Hallowell, 3,964. Gardner, 3,709. Farmington, 2,340. China, 2,234. Vassalborough, 2,761. Clinton, 2,125. Sidney, 2,191. 
Waterville, 2,216. Winthrop, 1,887. LINCOLN Co. 40,843—57,181. lyiscqsset, 2,443, 47 N. E. 58». Topsham, 1,564. 
Warren, 2 030. Thomaston, 4,221. Bath, 3,773. Waldoborough, 3,113. Bristol, 2,450. Boothbay, 2,290. Lisbon, 2,423. 
Litchfield, 2,308. OXFORD Co. 27,104— 35,217. Paris, 2,337. 39N. byW. 581. Livermorc, 2,456. Turner, 2,218. 
Norway, 1,712. Fryeburgh, 1,353. Jay, 1,270. Hartford, 1,297. Waterford, 1,123. Sumner, 1,099. Rumford, 1,126. Bethel, 
1,620. Buckfield, 1,510. PENOBSCOT Co. 13,870— 31,530." Ban^^or, 2,868. 119 N. E. 661. Maddawaska, 2,487. Hamp- 
den, 2,020. Otono, 1,473. E.veter, 1,438. Orrington. 1,234. Brewer, 1,078. Dover, 1,042. Dixmont, 945. Scbec, 903. 

SOMERSET Co. 21,787—35,788. JVorridgcwock, 1,710. 81 N. N. E. 623. Fairfield, 2,002. Anson, 1,532. Alliens, 1,200. 
Bloomfield, 1,072. Canaan, 1,076. Madison, 1,272. Mercer, 1,210. New Portland, 1,215. Stark, 1,471. 

WALDO Co. 22,253— 29,790. Bc(/asl, 3,077. 99 N. E. by E. 641. Frankfort, 2,487. Camden, 2,200. Prospect, 2,381 
Lincolnsville, 1,702. Monlville, 1,743. Palermo, 1,258. Hope, 1,541. Monroe, 1,081. Unity, 1,299. 

WASHINGTON Co. 12,744—21,295. Manias, 1,021. 203 E. N. E. 745. Eastport, 2,450. Calais, 1,686. Harrington, 
1,118. Lubec, 1,535. East Machias, 1,066. Dcnnysvillc, 856. Jonesbnrough, 810. Addison, 741. Perry, 735. 

YORK Co. 46,283— 51,710. I'l))/.-, 3,485. 4aS.W. byS. 500. Jllfred,\,iSi. Berwick, 3,168. Bu.\ton, 2,856 Kennc- 
bunk, 2,233. Kenncbunk Port, 2,763. Kittery, 2,202. Hollis, 2,273. Parsonsfield, 2,465. Wells, 2,977. 

The population of this Slate in 1765, was 20,788. There were in this Slate in 1830, 819 white males, and 909 do. females 
of 80 and under 90 years of age ; 92 while males, anil 139 do. females of 90 and under 100 ; and 1 white male, and 3 do. females 
upwards of 100 years of age. There were 187 wliito and 2 colored persons deaf and dumb ; 157 whites and 5 colored persons 
who were blind ; and 2,830 aliens. The Baptists in this State have 210 churches, about 160 ministers, and 12,936 communicants ; 
the Oyngrcgationalists 156 churches, 107 ministers, and about 10,000 comnmnicants ; tlie Methodists 56 ministers, and 12,182 
communicants. There are 50 congregations of i^'rec- fTi// /?a;iti5(5 ; 30 societies of i^ieads ; 12 {/njtormii societies; i Epis- 
copalian ministers ; 4 Raman Catholic churches : 3 societies of the JVew Jerusalem Church, and some Universalists. 

Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, in the county of Cumberland, 27 miles from Portland, was founded 1794 : 392 Alumni ; 7 
Instructors; 137 tinder-graduates ; 12,300 vols, in Libraries; William Allen, D. D. Pres't. Watermlle College, at Waterville, 
in the county of Kennebec, 71 miles from Portland, was founded 1820 ; Alumni, 60; Instructors, 5 ; Uuder-graduates, 45; 
2,400 vols., in Libraries : Jeremiah Chaplin, D. D. President. There were in this State in 1830, 31 Academies, whose aggre- 
gate funds amounted to $170,222. Tlie Mairie H'cstcyan Seminary, at Readfield, 11 miles from Augusta, uniting agricultural 
and mechanical labor with literary pursuits, promises much good to the community. 

NEVr-HAllEPSHIIlE.— ROCKINGHAM Co. 40,526— 44,452. Portsmouth, 8,082. 43 E. S. E. from Concord, 
491 from W. £ic(fi-, 2,758. Derrv, 3,178. Dccrfield, 2,086. Chester, 2,039. Salem, 1,310. Candia, 1,363. Epping, 1,263. 
Hampton, 1,103. Seabrook, 1,096. Windham, 1,006. Londonderry, 1,469. New-Market, 2,013. Northwood, 1,342. Not- 
tingham, 1,157. Rye, 1,172. Raymond, 1,000. STRAFFORD Co. 51,415— 58,916. ZJouer, 5,449. 40. E. 490. Qilmanton, 
3,816. Alton, 1,993. Barnstcad, 2,047. Barrington, 1,895. Conwav, 1,601. Durham, 1,606. Ealon, 1,432. Effingham, 
1,911. Farminglon, 1,464. OitJ'ord, 1,873. Lcc, 1,009. Meridcth, 2,683. Milton, 1,273. Moultonborough, 1,422. New- 
Durham, 1,162. New-Hampton, 1,904. Ossipee, 1,935. Rochester, 2,155. Sanbornton, 2,866. Sandwich, 2,743. Somers- 
worth, 3,090. Strafford, 2,«)0. Tamworth, 1,554. Tuftonborough, 1,375. Wakefield, 1,470. Wolfeborough, 1,928. 

MERRIMACK Co. 32,743—34,619. Concord, 3,727. 474. Andover, 1,324. Boscawen, 2,093. Bow, 1,065. Bradford, 
1,285. Canterbury, 1,663. Chichester, 1,084. Dunbarton, ),067. Epsom, 1,418. Franklin, 1,370. Henniker, 1,725. Hop- 
kinton, 2,474. Loudon, 1,642. Northlield, 1,109. Pembroke, 1,312. Pittsfield, 1,271. Salisbury, 1,379. Sutton, 1,424. 
Warner, 2,221. HILLSBOROUGH Co. 35,781—37,762. Amherst, 1,657. 30 S. 448. Antrim, 1,309. Bedford, 1,554. 

Deering, 1,227. Dunstable, 2,417. Francestown, 1,540. Goflstown, 2,213. Hancock, 1,316. Hillsborough, 1,792. Hollis, 
1,501. Hudson, 1,282. Lyndeborough, 1,147. Mason, 1,403. Merrimack, 1,191. Milford, 1,303. New-Boston, 1,680. New- 
Ipswich, 1,673. Pelham, 1,075. Peterborough, 1,984. Weare, 2,430. Wilton. 1,041. CHESHIRE Co. 26,753—27,016. 
Keene, 2,374. 55 S. W. by W. 431. Alstead, 1,559. ChesterfieM, 3,046. Dublin, 1,218. Fitzwilliam, 1,229. JafTrey, 1,354. 
Richmond, 1,301. Rindge, 1,209. Stoddard, 1,159. Swanzey, 1,81B. Walpole, 1,979. Westinorelajid, 1,647. Winchester, 
2,052. SULLIVAN Co. 18,638—19,687. jyemport, 1,913. 40 N. W. 467. Acworth, 1,401. Charlestown, 1,773. Clare- 
mont, 3,536. Cornish, 1,087. Croydon, 1,057. Grantham, 1,070. Plainfield, 1,.581. Springfield, 1,202. Unity, 1,258. 
Washington, 1,135. GRAFTON Co. 32,989— 38,691. .ffauer/ii;;, 2,153. 67 N. N. W. 509. Alexandria, 1,083. Bath, 1,636. 
Campion, 1,313. Canaan, 1,428. Enfield, 1,492. Graflon, 1,207. Hanover, 2,361. Holderness, 1,429. Lebanon, 1,868. 
Lime, 1,804. Lisbon, 1,485. Littleton, 1,435. Lyman, 1,321. New-Chester, 1,090. Orford, 1,829. Piermont, 1,042. Ply- 
mouth, 1,175. Thornton, 1,049. COOS Co. 5,521—8,390. Lancaster, 1,187. 116 N. 338. Bartletl, 644. Colcbrook, 542. 

The population of this stale in 1701 was 10,000 ; in 1730, 12,000 ; in 1749, 30,000 ; in 1707, 52,700 ; and in 1775, 80,038. In 
1830 there were 19,438 while males, and 18,506 do. females, under 5 years of age ; 31,147 do. males, and 34,485 do. females, of 
20 and under 3Q ; 5,097 do. males, and 5,887 do. females, of 60 and under 70 ; 3 do. males, and do. femaies, of 100 years and 
upwards ; — 136 white, and 12 colored persons, deaf and dumb ; 117 white persons who were blind ; and 400 aliens. Dart- 
mouth College, at Hanover, in the county of Grafton, 54 miles from Concord, was founded 1770. Alumni, 2,250. Instructors, 
9. Under-graduates, 153. Libraries, 14,000 vols. Nathan Lord, D. D. President. There is a Medical School connected with 
the College ; a Theological Institution at New'-Hampton, 38 miles from Concord ; and about 30 incorporated Acatlemies, in 
various parts of the stale. There are in this state 13 societies of i^ricnt/s; 8 Episcopalian ministers; 30 congregations of 
Universalists; 10 (/?ii(ar?an ministers ; 2 CatAo^c churches ; 2 societies of S/mA-crs ; 1 society of SandemaniaHs,- 9 Presby- 
terian ministers, 11 churches, and 1,499 commanicanls. The Congrcgationalists have 146 churches, 116 ministers, 12,867 
communicants. Baptists, 75 churches, 61 ministers, 5,279 communicant.^. Free-will Baptists, 67 churches, 51 ministers, and 
between 4 and 5,000 communicants. The Methodists have 30 ministers, 3,180 communicants. Christ-ians, 17 ministers. 

VEKMONT.— ADDISON Co. 30,469—24,940. Middtebur,,, 3,468. 57 S.W. by W. from Montpelicr; 483 from W 
Addison, 1,300. Bridport, 1,774. Bristol, 1,247. Cornwall, 1,264. ' Ferrisburg, 1,822. Moukton, 1,384. New Haven, 1,83-1. 
Shoreham, 2,137. Siarksborough, 1,S42. Vergennes, CiYi/, 999. Wcybridge, 850. 

BENNINGTON Co. 16,123— 17,470. Bennington, 3,419. 120 S. S. W. 4It. Arlington, 1.507. Dorset, 1,507. Manchester, 
1,525. Ponnal, 1,835. Rupert, 1,318. Shaftsbury, 2,143. Stamford, 563. Sunderland, 463. Windhall, 571. 

CALEDONIA Co. 16,669— 20,967. JSanoiHc, 3,631. 29 N. E. by E. 538. Barnel, 1,764. Cabot, 1,304. Hardwick, 1,210 
Lyndon, 1,822. Peacham, 1,351. Ryegate, 1,119. St. Johnsbury, 1,592. Sutton, 1,005. Waterford, 1,358. 

CHITTENDON Co. 16,035— 21,775. Burlington, 3,516. ISW.N. W. 515. Charlotte, 1,702. Colchester, 1 ,489. Essex, 
1,664. Hincsburgh, 1,660, Jericho, 1,654. Milton, 2,100. Richmond, 1,109. Sholburne, 1,123. Underhill, 1,050. Westford 
1,290. Williston, 1,608. ESSE.X Co. 3,284— 3,98). fiKiHAoH, 481. 78 E. N. E. 564. Canaan, 373. Concord, 1,031. Lu- 
nenburgh, 1,054. Maidstone, 230. Minehead, 150. FRANKLIN Co. 17,193—24,525. St. Mbans, 2,305. 64 N. W. by N 
541. Bakersfield, 1,087. Berksliirc, 1,308, Cambridsc, 1,613. Enosburgh, 1,560. Fairfax, 1,729. Fairfield, 2,270. 

GRAND ISLE Co. 3,537— 3,996. JVort/i /Zero, 638. 68 N.W, 545, Alburgh, ],239. Grand Isle, 943. South Hero, 717 
Vineyard, 439. ORANGE Co. 34,681-37,385. C/irfsca, 1,958. 23 S. by E. 506. Bradford, 1,507. Braintree, 1,209. Brook- 
fleld, 1,677. Corinth, 1,953. Newbury, 3,232. Orange, 1,016. Randolph, 2,743. Straflord, 1,935. Thetford, 2,183. 

ORLEANS Co. 6,976—13,980. Irasburgh, 860. 49 N. N. E. 568. Albany, 683. Barton, 739. Charleston, 564. 

RUTLAND Co. 39,983—31,295. Rutland, 3,753. 67 S. S. W. 463. Benson, 1,493. Brandon, 1,940. Castlcton, 1 783 
Clarendon, 1,585. Danby, 1,363. Mounl Holly, 1,318. Orwell, 1,598. Pawlet, 1,965. Pittsford, 2,003. Poullney, 1 909 
Shrewsbury, 1,289. Tinmouth, 1,049. VVallingford, 1,740. WASHINGTON Co. 14,113-21,394. Momtpelier vil 1 193 
524. Barre, 2,012. Berlin, 1,664, Calais, 1,539. Marshfield, 1,271. Middlesex, 1,156. Monlpelier, 1,792. Northfield 1 412 
Stow, 1,570, Waterbury, 1,650. WINDHAM Co. 28,659— 28,758. Fo»i(«ei)iZ;e, 1,441. 110 S. 428. Braltlebornugh, 2'l4l 
Duramerston, 1,593. Grafton, 1,439. Guilford, 1,760. Halifax, 1,562. Jamaica, 1,323. Londonderry, 1,302. Malborough, 
1,218. Putney, 1,510. Rockingham, 2,272. Townshend, 1,386. Wardsborough, 1,148. Westminster, 1,737. Whitlinchum 
1,477. Wilmington, 1,367. WINDSOR Co. 38,233— 40,623. ffmdior, 3,134. 59 S. bv E. 469. Barnard, 1,881. Bethel 
1.667. Bridgewater, 1,311. Cavendish, 1,498. Chester, 2,320. Woodstock, 3,044. 

There were in this State in 1830, 17,596 white males, and 10,877 do. females of 10 and under 13 years of age ; !.),805 while 
males, and 15,776 do. females of 15 and under 20 ; 24,200 white males, and 25,167 do. females of 20 and under 30 ; 3 white 
males, and 5 do. females of 100 years and upwards; 149 white and two colored persons deaf and dumb; 49 white persons 
who were blind, and 3,420 aliens. There were in 1831, 35 Academies and High schools, and about 2,400 District sclionN 
Rateable polls in 1830, 12,859 ; acres of ta.xable land, 1,083,593; 224,605 oxen, and other cattle; 61 ,288 horses and mules ■ 
725,965 sheep. The amount of the Grand List for state taxes in 1831, was 81,834,980. The Congrcgationalists have 13 asso- 
ciations ; 203 churches; 110 pastors, and 17,336 comnninicant.^ ; the Bopfiils 105 churches, 50 pastors, and 8,478 communi- 
cants; the Jl/e(4orfMls, 44 ministers, and 8,577 comniiiiii rihr. -Iir r,, ,,.■,,,, , !" uiiiiistcrs; Ihe C'n((arian.<, 3 socicUcs 
and one minister; and there are some Free- /f (7/ Bh/(-, .' ' . ,'.\ 

The University of Vermont, at Burlington in the oun , ■ , ; ... .■ ,. ;. . , . ,i i ;:ii : Instructors. 4 ; Under graduates 

.36; Libraries, 1,500 vols.; Alumni, 182: James Marsh I ' ;. : n -.;■.< .'//.»r, at .Middlcbury, in the county 

ol Addison, was founded in 1800. Instructors, 5 ; Undti eiudiuuc.-, ,ili . Alumni, .jUU. Libraries, about 4,-JOO vols. , Joshua 
Bales, D. p. President. 



MASSACHWSBTTS.— SUFFOLK Co. pop. in 18i0, 43,941— in 1830, 62,162. Boston, 61,392. 432 miles from 
tVashmgton Ch"", 770. ESSEX Co. 73,930—82,887. Salem, 13,886. 14 N. E. by N. from Boston, 446. Amcabury, 
2 445 Andover 4,540. Beverly, 4,079. Boxford, 937. Bradford, 1,856. Danvers, 4,228. Essex, 1,345. Gloucealer, 7,513. 
Hamilton 743 'Haverhill, 3,912. Ipswich, 2,951. Lynn, 6,138. Lynfield, 617. Manchester, 1,238. Marblehead, 5,150. 
Mcthuen,'2,011. Middleton, 607. Newbury, 3,803. JVewburmort, 6,388. Rowley, 2,044. Salisbury, 2,519. Sauens, 960. 
ToDsfleld 1011 Wenham,612. West Newbury, 1,586. MIDDLESEX Co. 61,476-77,968. Cambrid)re, 6,0^1. S W.N. W. 
431 Acton, 1,128.- Ashby, 1,240. Bedford, 085. Billerica, 1,374. Boxborough, 474. Brighton, 972. Burlington, 446. 
Carlisle, 566. Charlestown, 8,787. Chelmsford, 1,387. Concorrf, 2,017. Dracut, 1,615. Dunstable, 593. East Sudbury, 944. 
Framineham, 2,313. Groton, 1,925. Holllston, 1,304. Hopkinton, 1,809. Lexington, 1,541. Lincoln, 709. Littleton, 947. 
Lowell 6 474 Maiden, 2,010. Malborough, 2,074. Medford, 1,755. Natick, 890. Newton, 2,377. Pepperell, 1,440. Rc,ld- 
inc 1 806' Sherburne, 900. Shirley, 991. South Reading, 1,310. Sloneham, 732. Stow, 1,221. Sudbury, 1,424. Tewks- 
hurv 1 SSW Townsend 1,500. Tynssborough, 832. Waltliam, 1,859. Waterlown, 1,641. West Cambridge, 1,230. Wesl- 
ford' 1329 Weston i,091. Wilmington, 731. Woburn, 1,077. PLYMOCTH Co. 38,136-42,993. Plymoutk, 4,151. 
36, S. E. by S. 439. Abington, 2,423. Bridgcwatcr, 1,855. Carver, 970. Duibury, 2,705. East Bridgewater, 1,653. Hali- 
fax 709 Hanover 1,300 Hanson, 1,030. Hingham, 3,357. Hull, 198. Kingston, 1,332. Marshfield, 1,563. MiUdleborough, 
5 008 N Brid"ewater, 1,953. Pembroke, 1,324. Plymlon, 920. Rochester, 3,556. Scituate, 3,470. Wareliam, 1,885. W. 
Bridgewater 1,042. NORFOLK Co. 36,452 — 11,901. Z)edAara, 3,057. 10 S.W. by S. 422. Bellingham, 1,101. Braintrce, 
1,752. Brookline, 1,041. Canton, 1,517. Cohasset, 1,337. Dorchester, 4,064. Dover, 497. Foxborough, 1,099. Franklin, 
1,662. Medaeld,817. Medway, 1,766. Milton, 1,505. Necdham, 1,420. Quincy, 2, 192. Randolph, 3,200. Roxbury, 5,249. 
Sharon, 1,024. Stoughlon, 1,591. Walpole, 1,442. Weymouth, 2,839. Wrentham, 2,765. 

BRISTOL Co. 40,908—49,474. Taunton, 6,045. 32 S. 415. Attleborough, 3,215. Berkley, 907. Dartmouth, 3,867. 
DigUton, 1,737. Easton, 1,756. Fairhaveu, 3,034. Freetown, 1,909. MansBeld, 1,172. JVeai Berf/ori, 7,592. Norton, 1,484. 
Pawtucket, 1,458. Raynham, 1,209. Rchobolli, 2,468. Seeconk, 2,134. Sumerset, 1,024. Swanzey, 1,677. Troy, 4,159. 
Fall River Villa-e, 3,431. Westpon, 2,773. BARNSTABLE Co. 24,046—38,525. Barnstable, 3,975. 08 S. E. 406 
Brewster, 1,418. Chatham, 2,134. Dennis, 2,317. Eastham, 900. Falmouth, 2,548. Harwich, 2,464. Orleans, 1,799. 
Proviiicetown, 1,710. Sandwich, 3,307. Truro, 1,549. Wellfleel, 2,044. Yarmouth, 2,251. 

NANTUCKET Co. and town, 7,260— 7,202. 102 S. E. by S. 500. DUKES Co. 3,292—3,518. Eiffartoicn,l,509. 97S.S.E. 
495. Chilmark, 691. Tisbury, 1,318. WORCESTER Co. 73,635—84,365. Worcester, 4,172. 40 W. by S. 394. Ashburn- 
ham, 1,403. Athol, 1,325. Barre, 2,503. Berlin, 692. Bolton, 1,258. Boylston, 820. Brookfield, 2,342. Charlton, 2,173, 
Dana, 623. Douglas, 1,743. Dudley, 2,155. Fitcliburg, 2,180. Gardner, 1,023. Grafton, 1,889. Hardwich, 1,885. Harvard, 
1,601 Holden, 1,718. Hubbardston, 1,674. Lancaster, 2,016. Leicester, 1,782. Leominster, 1,801. Lunenburg, 1,318. 
Mendon, 3,153. Milford, 1,380. MUlbury, 1,611. New Braintrce, 825. Northborough, 994. Northbridge, 1,053. North 
Brookiield, 1,241. Notown, 69. Oakham, 1,010. Oxford, 3,034. Paxton, 597. Petersham, 1,695. Phillipston, 933. Prince- 
ton, 1,345. Royalston, 1,494. Rutland, 1,276. Shrewsbury, 1,386. Southborough, 1,080. Southbridgc, 1,444. Spencer, 
1,018. Sterling, 1,789. Sturbridge, 1,688. Sutton, 2,186. Templeton, 1,551. Upton, 1,157. Uxbridge, 2,086. Ward, 090. 
Westborough, 1,438. West Boylston, 1,053. Western, 1,189. Westminster, 1,695. Winchendon, 1,463. 

HAMPSHIRE Co. 26,477— 30,210. JVort/iuMpiom, 3,618. 91 W. 376. Amherst, 2,631. Belchertovvn, 2,491. Chesterfield, 
1,417. Cummington, 1,260. Easthampton, 734. Enflcld, 1,058. Goshen, 606. Granby, 1,064. Greenwich, 813. Hadley, 
1,886. Hatfield, 893. Middlefield, 721. Norwich, 787. Pelham, 904. Plainfield, 983. Prescot, 758. Southampton, 1,253 
South Hadley, 1,185. Ware, 2,045. Westharopton, 907. Williamsburg, 1,225. Worthington, 1,178. 

HAMPDEN Co. 28,031— 31,610. Sprino'^eW, 6,784. 87 W. by S. 363. BlaBdford, 1,590. Brimfield, 1,599. Chester, 1 ,407. 
Granville, 1,649. Holland, 453. Longmeadow, 1,257. Ludlow, 1,337. Monson, 2,263. Montgomery, 579. Palmer, 1,2.')7. 
Russell, 507. Southwick, 1,355. Tolland, 723. Wales, 065. Westticid, 3,940. West Springfield, 3,270. Wilbrahani, 3,034. 

FRANKLIN Co. 29,268—29,344. Orcfn/ieW, 1,540. 95 W. by N. 396. Ashfield, 1,732. Bamardstown, 945. Buckland, 
1,039. Charlemont, 1,065. Coleralne, 1,877. Conway, 1,503. Deerfield, 2,003. Erving's Grant, 429. Gill, 864. Hawlcy, 
1,037. Heath, 1,199. Levcrett, 939. Leyden,796. Montague, 1,152. Munroe, 265. New Salem, 1,889. Northfield, 1,757. 
Orange, 880. Rowe, 716. Shelburne,985. Shutesbury,987. Sunderland, 666. Warwick, 1,150. Wendell, 875. Whateley, 
1,111. BERKSHIRE Co. 35,666— 37,825. icnol, 1,355. 133 W. 363. Adams, 2,648. Alford, 512. Becket, 1,065. Bos- 
Ion Corner, 64. Cheshire, 1,049. Clarksburg, 315. Dalton, 791. Egremont, 889. Florida, 454. Great Barrington, 2,276. 
Hancock, 1,053. Hinsdale, 780. Lanesborough, 1,192. Lee, 1,825. Mount Washington, 345. New Ashford, 285. New 
Malborough, 1,656. Otis, 1,014. Peru, 729. Pittslield, 3,570. Richmond, 844. Sandisfield, 1,655. Savov, 9J8. Sheffield, 
2,393. Stockbridge, 1,580. Tyringham, 1,351. Washington, 701. W. Slockbridge, 1,308. Wiuiamstowu, 2,137. Windsor, 
1,043. Zoar, 139. 

Thete were in this stale in the year 1830, 40,615 white males and 39,516 do*females under 5 years of age ; 36,054 white 
males and 34,504 do. females, of 5 and under 10 ; 34,605 white males and 33,366 do. females of 10 and under 15 ; 33,868 white 
males and 34,403 do. females, of 15 and under 20 ; 58,481 wliite males, and 68,427 do. females, of 20 and under 30. 35,417 
white males and 38,184 do. females, of 30 and under 40 ; 23,643 white males and 20,699 do. females, of 40 and under 50 ; 
15,029 white males and 18,453 do. females, of 50 and under 60 ; 10,384 white males and 12,919 do. females, of 60 and underTO ; 
5,516 white males and 7,177 do. females, of 70 and under 80; 1,764 white males and 2,513 do. females, of 80 and under 90; 
172 white males and 335 do. females, of 90 and under 100 ; and 1 wh. male and 2 do. females, of 100 years old and upwards; 
5 colored males and 4 do. females of 100 years old and upwards. There were in this state at that time, 270 white persona 
deaf and dimib, and 241 do. blind ; 5 colored persons deaf and dumb, and 4 do. blind; 8,735 foreigners not naturalized. 

The population of this state in 1701, was 7U,n00 ; in 1749, 220,000; and in 1776, 348,094. The population of Boston in 
1700, was 7,000 ; ill 1723, 10,507 ; iu 1765, 15,520 ; in 1790, 18,038 ; in 1800, 24,937 ; in 1810, 33,250 ; in J820, 43,298. The pop- 
ulation of Salem in 1754 was 3,463; in 1785, 0,933 ; and in 1800,9,457. Amount of taxable property in this state in 1831, 
8206,353,024. Number of polls, 150,444. Harvard University, in Cambridge, 3 miles west of Boston, was founded in 1638. 
Numberof Alumni,5,621; Instructors,24; Under-graduates,236. Libraries, 39,600 vols. Funds in 1831, 3504,882,23. Jo- 
ciali Quincy, L.L. D. President. Williams College, in Williamstown in the county of Berkshire, 135 W. by N. from Boston, 
was founded 1793. Alumni, 721 ; Instructors 7 ; Undergraduates, 115 ; Libraries, 4,550 vols. E. D. Griffin, D. D. Fresiilenl. 
Jlmherst College, in the town of Amherst, in the county of Hampshire, 82 miles W. of Boston, was founded 1821. Alumni, 
208; Instructors, 10 ; Under-graduates, 188 ; Libraries, 6,900 vols. Heman Humphrey, D. D. President. Besides the Medi- 
cal Institutions in Boston and Berkshire, the Theological Seminaries at Andover and Newton ; the Round Hill School at 
Northampton ; the Gymnasium at Pittsfield, and Mount Pleasant Classical Institution at Amherst, Massachusetts has no less 
than 50 incorporated academies, in high standing, the oldest and best endowed of which is Phillips Academy at Andover, at 
which have been educated more than 2000 scholars since its incorporation in 1780 Inthiscoinmonweahh, the Cangre^ation- 
«i^sts have 491 churches and 423 ordained ministers, 118 of whom are Unitarians; Baptists, 129 churches, 110 ministers; 
Methodists, 71 preachers and 8,200 members; Episcopalians,^^ ministers; Univcrsalists, 46 societies; Presbyterians, U 
ministers; JVew Jerusalem Church, 8 societies ; Roman Catholics, 4 churches ; and the Shakers, 4 societies. 

CONNECTIOtJT.— FAIRFIELD Co. 42,739—46,950. Fairfield, 4,246. 55 S.W. by S. from Hartford, 280 from W. 
Bridgcpoit, 2,803. Brookiield, 1,261. Danbury, 4,325. Darien, 1,201. Greenwich, 3,805. Huntington, 1,369. Monroe, 1,522. 
New Canaan, 1,826. New Fairfield, 958. Newtown, 3,099. Norwalk, 3,793. Reading, 1,709. Ridgelield, 2,322. Sherman, 
947. Stamford, 3,795; Stratford, 1,807. Trumbull, 1,338. Weston, 3,997. Wilton, 3,095 

HARTFORD Co. 47,204— 51,141. Hartford, 9,789. 335. Avon, 1,025. Berlin, 3,038. Bristol, 1, 707. Burlington, 1,301. 
Canton, 1,437. East Windsor, 3,537. East Hartford, 2,237. Enfield, 2,129. Farmington, 1,901. Glastenbury, 2,980. Granby, 
2,730. Hartland, 1,221. Manchester, 1,576. Malborough, 704. Simsbury, 2,221. Southington, 1,844. Suflield, 2,690. 
Wethersfteld, 3,862. Windsor, 3,220. LITCHFIELD Co. 41,207—42,855. Litchfield, 4,456. 31 W. 324. Barkhamstead, 
1,715. Bethlem, 906. Canaan, 3,301. Colebrook, 1,332. Cornwall, 1,712. Goshen, 1,732. Harwintou, 1,516. Kent, 2,001. 
New Hartford, 1,766. New Milford, 3,979. Norfolk, 1,485. Plymouth, 2,064. Roxbury, 1,122. Salisbury, 2,580. Sharon, 
2,613. Torrington, 1,654. Warren, 985. Washington, 1,621. Watertown, 1,500. Winchester, 1,700. Woodbury, 2,045. 

MIDDLESEX Co. 32,405— 24,845. Middletotcu, 6,803. H 8.325. Chatham, 3,646. Durham, 1,116. East Haddam, 2,604. 
Haddam, 3,024. Killingworth, 2,484. Saybrook, 5,018. NEW HAVEN Co. 39,616^43,848. Nkw Haven, 10,678. 34 S. 
S.W. 301. Branford, 2,333. Cheshire, 1,764. Derby, 2,253. 'East Haven, 1,229. Guilford, 2,344. Hamden, 1,669. Madison, 
1,809. Meriden, 1,708. Middlebury, 816. Milford, 2,256. North Haven, 1,282. Orange, 1,341. Oxford, 1,763. Prospect, 
651. Southbury, 1,557. Wallingford, 2,419. Waterbury, 3.070. Woodbridge, 2,049. Wolcott, 844. 

NEW LONDON Co. 35,943— 42,295. A'cM Z.oMi/071, 4,356. 42 S. E. 354. Bozrah, 1,078. Colchester. 2,083. Franklin, 
1,200. Griswold, 2,212. Groton,4,750. Lebanon, 2,552. Lisbon, 1,106. Lyme, 4,098. Montville, 1,967. North Stonington , 
2,840. JVormicJ, 5,109. Preston, 1,935. Salem, 974. Stonington, 3,401. Watcrford, 2,475. 

TOLLAND Co. 14,330— 18,700. TViiianii, 1,698. 17 E. N. E. 352. Bolton, 744. Columbia, 962. Coventry, 2,119. Elling- 
ton, 1,455. Hebron, 1,939. Mansfield, 2,661. Somers, 1,439. Stafford, 2,514. Union, 711. Vernon, 1,164. Wellington, 
1,305. WINDHAM Co. 25,331—27,077. Brooklyn, 1,451. 41 E. 372. Ashford, 2,668. Canterbury, 1,881. Chaplin, 807. 
Hampton, 1,101. Killingly, 3,261. Plainfield, 2,289. Pomfret, 1,984. Sterling, 1,340. Thompson, 3,388. Voluntown, 1,304. 
Windham, 2,812. Woodstock, 2,928. 

The population of this state in 1701, was 30,000— in 1756, 130,611— in 1774, 197,866— and in 1782,209,150. 

In 1830, therewere in Connecticut 19,021 white males and 18,246 do. females, under 5 years of age ; 17,773 wh. males and 
16,574 do. females, of 10 and under 15 ; 26,181 wh. males, and 26,548 do. females, of 20 and under 30 ; 16,418 wh. nmles and 
18,034 do. females, of 30 and under 40 ; 5,463 wh. males and 6,703 do. females of 60 and under 70 ; 78 wli. males and 153 do. 
females, of 90 and under 100 ; 4 wh. males, and 3 do. females, of 100 and upwards. 

The Episcopalians in this state have 59 ministers — the Baptists 99 churches, 90 ministers, and 9,732 communicants — the 
Congregationalists 236 ministers, and 30 licentiates — the Methodists 40 ministers and 7,000 communicants. There are sev- 
eral societies of Friends — 3 Unitarian societies— 1 Roman Catholic society— I society of Shakers — and some Sandananians, 
Free- Will Baptists and Univcrsalists. 

Yale College at New Haven, was founded 1700. Alumni, 4,428— Instructors, 15— Undergraduates, 346— Vols, in Libraries, 
17,.5U0. Jeremiah Day, D. D. President. 

The Parent Institution for the instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, in this country, was established at Hartford some yearj 
aincc, under the patronage of this state. Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine, all give their aid to this noble 
charity. In 1829, there had been 303 pupils received into the Asylum, of which 160 had left the school. The expenses of the 
Instilution for 1829, were 823,979— receipts, $23,043 'i'hc charge to each pupil lot tuition, and other requisites, is $150 per aim. 



RHODB-ISIiASro.— PROVIDENCE Co. 35,786-47,014. Providikci, 16,892. 394 from W. BarrillviUe, 2,I9« 
Cranston 2 651. Cumberland, 3,675. Foster, 2,672. Gloucester, 2,524. Johnston, 2,114. N. Providence, 3,503. Scituate, 
6 853 Srnithfleld, 3,994. NEWPORT Co. 15,771— 16,535. JVeiopor(, 8,010. 27 S. by E. 403. Jamestown, 415. Litila 
Comnton 1,378. Middletown, 915. New Shoreliam, 1,185. Portsmouth, 1,727. Tiverton, 2,905. 

WASHINGTON Co. 15,687— 15,414. ~ Soutft Kingston, 3,663. 31 S. by W. 389. Charlestown, 1,284. Exeter, 2,389, 
Hopkineton, 1,777. N. Kingston, 3,036. Richmond, 1,362. Westerly, 1,903. 

KENT Co. 10,228—12,788. Easi Greenwich, 1,591. 15 S. 406. Coventry, 3,851. W. Greenwich, 1,817. Warwick, 5,529. 

BRISTOL Co. 5,637— 5,466. Brisfoi, 3,054. 15 S. E. 409. Harrington, 612. Warren, 1,800. 

The population of this state in 1701, was 10,000 ; in 1748, 34,128 : in 1755, 46,636 ; in 1774, 59,678 ; and in 1783, 51,809. 

In 1830, there were in this state, 6,731 white mates and 6,026 do. females, under 5 years of age ; 8,425 white males and 9,207 
do. females, of 20 and under 30 ; 29 white males and 44 do. females, of 80 and under 90. 55 white and 4 colored persons, 
deaf and dumb ; 61 while and 8 colored persons who were blind, and 1,110 aliens. 

The Baptists in this state have 16 churches, 12 iriinislers, and 2,750 communicants ; the .Methodists, 10 preachers and 1,209 
members ; the Congregationalists have 10 churches, 10 ministers, and 1,000 communicants ; the Unitarians, 2 societies and 



the Su&Aafarmfif, about 1,000 communicants ; llie Siz- Principle i?a^(i5(5, 8 churches and about 800 ( 

cants; the JiV^■e7l£is are numerous. There are some Untversalists;anii 1 Roman Catholic church. Brown University at 
Providence, was founded 1764. Alumni, 1,182; instructors, 6 ; under-graduates, 95. Volumes in Libraries, about 12,000. 
Francis Wayland, D. D. President. 

JWEW-VOHK.- ALBANY Co. 38,116—53,520. Albant city, 24,209. 376 from W. Bem,3.607.* Bethlehem, 6,082. 
Rensselaerville, 3,685. Watervliet, 4,962. ALLEGHANY Co. 9,330—26,276. Angelica, 998. 236 W. by S. from Albany. 
327. Almond, 1,804. Friendship, 1,502. Pike, 2.016. Portage, 1,839. BROOME Co. 14,343—17,579. Binghamplon vill. 
145 W.S.W. 201. Chenango, 3,730. Colesville, 2,387. Lisle, 4,378. Windsor, 2,180. 

CATTARAUGUS Co. 4,090— 16,724. Bi(icoMst>!He,626. 292 W. byS. 338. Connewango, 1.712. Freedom, 1,505. Otto, 
1,224. Perrysburgh, 2,440. CAYUGA Co. 38,897—47,948. .Auburn, 4.486. 156 W. by N. 339. Aurelius, 2,767. Genoa, 
2 768. Locke, 3,310. MentE, 4,143. Semphronius, 5,705. CHAUTAUQUE Co. 12,568—34,671. Maynillc vill. 336 W. 
by S. 349. PomlYet, 3,386. Westfield, 2,477. CHENANGO Co. 31,215—37,238. JVorwick, 3,619. 110 W. by S. 332. Bain- 
bridge, 3,038. Greene, 2,903. New Berlin, 2,080. Oxford, 2,943. CLINTON Co. 19,070—19,344. Plattsburg, 4,913. 162 
N. 539. Beekmaniown, 9,391. Champlain, 2,456. Chazy, 3,097. Peru, 4,949. 

COLUMBIA Co. 39,330—39,907. Hudson City, 5,392. 29 S. 345. Chatham, 3,538. Claverack, 3,000. Ghent, 2,783. 
Kinderhook, 2,706. CORTLAND Co. 16,507— 23,791. Cortlandoille, 3,673. 142 W. 3il. Homer, 3,307. Solon, 2,033. 
Truston, 3,885. Virgil, 3,912. DELAWARE Co. 26,587—33,024. Vcthi, 2,114. 77 S. W. by W. 341. Franklin, 2,786. 
Kortright, 2,870. Middletown, 2,383. Roxbury, 3,234. DUTCHESS Co. 46,014— 50,926. Poaghlicepsie,~,2ii. ^5 9. 301. 
Fishkill, 8,292. Red Hook, 2,983. Rliinebeck, 2,938. Washington, 3,036. ERIE Co. 15,66&-35.71U. Bujrad), 8,668. 284 
W. 376. Amherst, 2,185. Aurora, 2,423. Clarence, 3,360. Hamburgh, 3,351. 

ESSEX Co. 12,811-19,287. Elizahahtown. 1,015. 126 N. 503. Crownpoint, 2,041. Chesterfield, 1,671. Moriah, 1,742. 
Ticonderoga, 1,996. FRANKLIN Co. 4,439—11,312. Malone, 2,207. 212 N. by W. 523. Bangor, 1,076. Chateaugay, 
2,016. Fort Covington, 2,901. Moira, 791. GENESEE Co. 39,83.5—53,147. Batavia, 4,264. 244 W. 370. Covington, 
2,716. LeRoy,3,902. Pembroke,3,828. Warsaw, 2,474. GKEENE Co. 22,996— 29,525. Ca(s/iiH, 4,861. 34 S. 337. Cairo, 
2,912. Coxsackie, 3,373. Durham, 3,039. Windham, 3,471. HERKIMER Co. 31,017— 35,809. flertimer, 2,486. 80 W. 
N.W. 392. Frankfort, 2,620. Little Falls, 2,539. Russia, 2,4.18. Warren, 2,084. 

JEFFERSON Co. 32,952—43,515. fVatertown, 4,768. 100 N. W. 413. EMisburgh, 5,292. Hounsficld, 3,415. Le Bay, 
3,430. Orleans, 3,101. KINGS Co. 11,187— 20,535. F/afJuis/i, 1,143. 156 S. 230. Brooklyn, 15,394. Bushwick, 1,620. 

LEWIS Co. 9,227— 14,958. JlfartinsJur^A, 2,382. 129 N. W. 433. Denmark, 2,270. Lowville, 2,334. 

LIVINGSTON Co. 19,196— 27,719. Gcnesco, 2,675. 226 W. 315. Livonia, 2,665. Sparta, 3,777. 

MADISON Co. 32,208—39,037. Ca-.enonia, 4,344. 113 W. by N. 349. Eaton, 3,558. Hamilton, 3,220. Lenox, 5,039. 
Morrisville vill. 101 W. by N. 353. MONROE Co. 26,529—49,802. Rochester vill. 9,269. 219 W. by N. 361. Clarkson, 
3,251. Mendon, 3,057. Penfield, 4,477. MONTGOMERY Oo. 37,569—44,918. Johnstown, 7,700. 45 N. W. by W. 415. 
Amsterdam, 3,354. Canajoharie, 4,348. Florida, 2,838. NEW YORK City and Co. 123,706—202,589. 151 S. 225. 

NIAGARA Co. 7,322—18,485. jLockport, 3,.923. 277 W. by N. 403. Lewiston, 1,528. 

ONEIDA Co. 50,997—71,326. Utica City, 8,323. 96 W. N. W. 383. Rome, 4,300. Whitcstown, 4,410. Deerfield, 4 182 
Verona, 3,739. ONONDAGA Co. 41,467—58,974. Syracuse vil. 133 W. by N. 342. Manlius, 7,.375. Onondaga, 5 668. 
Pompey, 4,812. Salina, 6,929. ONTARIO Co. 35,312— 40,167. C(i?!o7ii2ai£uo, 5,163. 195 W. 330. Phelps, 4,798. Seneca 
6,161. ORANGE Co. 41,213—45,306. jyewhurgh, 6,421. 96 S. by W. 289. Goshen, 3,361. Montgomery, 3,885. War- 
wick, 5,009. ORLEANS Co. 7,625— 18,773. .«6ion, vil. 2.j7 W. by N. 389. Barre, 4,801. Gaines, 2,191. Murry, 3,138. 
Shelby, 2,043. OSWEGO Co. 12,374— 27,104. Orac£^o,2,703. 167 W.N.W. 379. Mexico, 2,671. fttcAianrf, 2,733. Scriba, 
2,073. Volney, 3,629. OTSEGO Co. 44,856— 51,372. Cooycrsiown, vil. 1,115. 66 W. 372. Cherry Valley, 4,098. Middle- 
field, 3,323. Otsego, 4,363. PUTNAM Co. 11,268-12,628. Carmel, 2,371. 106 S. 300. Kent, 1,931. Phillipslown, 4,701. 

QUEENS Co. 21,519-22,460. K. Hempstead, Z,W)l. V1\S.HS. Flushing,, 2,820. Hempstead, 6,215. Oysterliay, 5,348. 

RENSSELAER Co. 40,153—49,424. Tray City, 11,556. N. N. E. 383. Grcenbush, 3,216. Lansingburgh, 2,663. 

RICHMOND Co. 6,135— 7,082. iiVcAmoni;, vil. 167 S. 221: Castleton, 2,216. ROCKLAND Co. 8,837— 9, .388. Clarks- 
»0UJ?l, 2,298. 192 S. 251. Haverstraw, 2,306. SARATOGA Co. 36,053— 38,679. Boilsfoii, 2,113. 29 N. N. W. 406. Green- 
field, 3,144. Saratoga, 2,461. Saratoga Springs, 2,904. SCHENECTADY Co. 13,081-19.347. Schenectady City, 4,268. 
15K.W. 391. Duanesburgh, 2,837. SCOHARIE Co. 23,154— 27,902. Sc*oAarie, 5,157. 32 W. 381. Broome, 3,133. Sha- 
ron, 4,217. SENECA Co. 17,773— 21,041. Otirrf, 2,7.56. 171 W. 317. Fayette, 3,216. Romulus, 2,089. Waterloo, 1,847 

ST. LAWRENCE Co. 16,037—36,354. Potsdam, 3,661. 216 N.W. by N. 484. M.idriil, 3,459. STUBEN Co. 21,989— 
33,851. Bate, 3,387. 316 W. by S. 299. Howard, 2,464. SUFFOLK Co. 2'l,272—iG,780. Sufoi* C. H. 225 S. S. E. 299. 
Brookhaven, 6,095. Huntington, 5,582. SULLIVAN Co. 8,900—12,364. Monticcllo, vil. 113 S.S.W. 278. Liberty, 1,277. 

TIOGA Co. 14,716— 27,690. Eiraira, 2,892. 198 W. by S. 273. Oswego, 3,076.. TOMPKINS Co. 26,178— 36,545. Ithaca 
163 W. by S. 290. Dryden, 5,206. Hector, 5,212. ULSTER Co. 30,934— 36.550. ATiVsion, 4,170. 58 S. by W. 313 New 
Paltz, 5,098. WARREN Co. 9,453—11,796. Caldwell, 707. 62 S. A3i). WASHINGTON Co. 38,831— 42,635. Satem, 2,972. 
46 N. by E. 423. S<i;iiy Wi7J, vill. 50 N. by E. 427. WAYNE Co. 20,319— 33,643. iaons, 3,603. 181 W. by N. 345. Palmyra, 
3,427. WESTCHESTER Co. 32,638— 36,456. B«7/or<.?, 2,750. 135 S. by E. 268. Cortland, 3,840. Mount Pleasant, 4,929. 

YATES Co. 11,025— 19,009. Peim yun, vil. 185 W. 314. Benton, 3,957. Middlesex, 3,428. Milo, 3,610. 

There are in this state cities, 704 towns, and 365 villages. The population of the city of JVeai- York in 1696 was 4,302 ■ 
in 1731, 8,028 ; 1756,10,331; 1773,21,870; 1786,23,614-; 1790,33,131: 1300,00,489; 1810,96,373; 1820,123,706; and in 1825' 
167,080. The population of Albany in 1810 was 9,356; of Troy, 3,585; of Utica, 1,700; Buffalo, 1,508; Brooklyn, 4,402; 
and of Rochester, m 1820, 1,502. There were in this state, in 1830, 34,521 more while males than females : In the six New 
England states, at the same period, there were 23,622 more while females than males. There watQ in this slate 52 persona 
of 100 years and upwards ; 885 deaf and dumb ; 724 blind ; and 52,488 aliens. 

ThQ Presbyterians and Congregationalists have 460 ministers ; the Episcopalians, 143 ; Baptists, 310 ; Reformed Dutch, 98 ; 
Methodists, 3Sl ; Lutlierans, 13; and there are 89 ministers of other denominations, — total, 1,470. There are 120 churches 
and meeting-houses in the city of New- York. There are in the stale 1 ,896 Attorneys and Counsellors, and 9,580 Physicians 
and Surgeons. The number of newspapers published in this state, is 956, of which IS are daily papers ; requiring 16 million 
sheets annually. The number of newspapers published in the United States in 1775, was 37 ; the number published in Great 
Britain in 1829, was 325. 

This state owns the Eric, Champlain, Oswego, Chemung, and the Crooked I^he canals, whose aggregate lenstii is 530 miles. 
The 4 first are in operation, and cost ®]0,940,444. The canal debt, after dodufitiiig the canal fund, amounted^ Sept. 30, 1831, 
to 35,815,595. The net income from tolls, after deducting interest on loans, extensive improvements, repairs and all other 
expenses, was, in 1830, $415,448. In 1831, ihe net income was $766,731. In 1830, 13,890 canal boats arrived at, 
and departed from Albany, bringing to that -place, 104,500 tons of bread stuffs, ashes, glass, lime, provisions and whiskey; 
besides large quantities of timber^ lumber, wood, &c.; and taking from thence 39,972 tons of merchandise. In 1831, 14,963 
canal boats arrived and departed as above ; The increase of toll, that year, was $166,990. The Erie canal was commenced 
July 4, 1817 ; navigated, in part, July 1, 1820, and completed October, 1825. There are 15 canal companies in this state. The 
Hudson and Delaware canal, from the Hudson river, 90 miles above New- York, leading to the coal region in Penn. is 108 
miles long, with 16 miles of rail-road : 53,000 tons of coal were mined, and brought to tidewater on this canal, in 1831. There 
are 30 incorporated mil-road companies in this state, whose aggregate capital is $26,335,000. The valuation of this state in 
1831 was $30),715,h:iii: of vyhich $97,221,870 was of properly in the city of New-York. Bank capital,, s:4,033,4(;0; Insurance 
stock, alirtul 1,1,01111,1)11(1, School fund, about $2,000,000. There are 4 colleges in this stale, whose asgregate number of 
Alumni is about 3,5uil ; Under-graduates, 5P0. There are 55 incorporated academies, and 9,383 school districts ; in llie latter, 
509,731 children receive annually 8 months' instruction, making about 1 person at school for 3 1-2 of ihe whole population. 
In England, about 1 for 15 of the whole population is kept at school ; in France, 1 for 17 ; and in Russia, 1 for 367. Tlie num- 
ber of arrivals at the port of New-York in 1831 was 1,034 ; passengers, 31,739 ; net revenue on foreign imports, between 17 
and 18 million dollars. 

Among the numerous literary, religious, and charitable institutions for which the stale and city of New-York are distin- 
guished, the American Bible Society takes a high stand. This society was formed in 1816, is located in the city of N. York, 
and has a Board of 36 Managers, all laymen, from several religious denominations. It has 17 steam-power printing presses, 
and large and commodious buildings. This society has 838 auxiliaries scattered throughout the Union. The number of 
Bibles and Testaments issued from its formation to May, 1832, was l,442,.i00; issues in 1831, 115,802; receipts in 
1831, $107,059. Hon John C. Smith, President. 

The sail springs at Onondaga lake are the property of the state; 45 gallons of the water jiroduce a bushel of salt: 350 galls 
of sea water is required to produce the same quantity. The manufacturers pay a duly to the slate of 12 1-2 cents per bushel 
The quantity made in 1831, was 1,514,037 bushels; of which 189,000 wore coarse salt olthe purest quality. 

The mineral springs at Bullston and Saratoga arc numerous, but generally contain the same substances, only in a greater 
or less quantity. TJie most celebrated of these springs is the Co.iFrr^s, at Saratoga, which has given, iit analysis, 471,5 graitii 
muriate of soda ; 178, 4 3-4 carbonate of lime; 16,5 car. of soda ; 3, 3 1-9 car. of magnesia, and 6, 1 3-4 car. of iron, to on* 
(align of water: carbonic acid gas, 343 cubic inches. Temperature through the year, .50° of Farenheil. 



NEmr-JBRSEV'.-BERGEN Co. 18,178-29,414. Macktnsack, 2,i!00. 6.1N.E.(roroTrenion,229 from Wasliington. 
BURLINGTON Co 28,"3-31,066. Mount Holly, 21 8. W. 150. cXPE MAY Co. 4,264-5,930. CapfJI/ay C. H. 102 
lloT. CUMBERLAND Co'. 12,668-14,091. %idmcw^, 69 S. S. W 175 ESSEX Co. 30,7M-4^9ie. JV-.»ar* 
10 953. 49 N. E. 215. GLOUCESTER Co. 23,039-28,431. Woodbury, 39 S.W by S. 145 HUNrERDON Co. 28,604 

-•11 006 Trenton, 3,925. 160. MIDDLESEX Co. 21,470-23,157. JV» Bn<nsa>ict, 7,831. 25 N.N. E 193. 

MONMOUTH Co 35,038-29,233 FreeMd, 5,481. 36 E. by N. 201. MORRIS Co. 21,368—23,580. MorrMou:n,3,S36. 
55 N N E 221 S.IlEM Co 14,022-14,155 Stilem, I,57o' 05 S. W. 171, SOMERSET Co. 16,506-17,«89 Scmtr- 

vilU, 33'n by E. 199. SUSSEX Co. pop. 1630, 20,349. Xey:lo„, 3,298. 70 N. 228. WARREN Co. pop. 1830, 18,634. 

^TheTopol'aUon of this stale i.i 1701, «as 15,000; and in 1749, 60,000. There were in New Jersey, in 1830, 23^73 whiw 
males, mi 23,951 wh. females, under 5 years of age ; 17,132 wh. males, and 16,792 wh. females, of 15 and ""'ler 20 , 20,894 
wh. male, and 25, 839 wh. females, of 20 and under 30 ; 44 wh. males, and 63 wh. females, of 90 and_undcr 100 ; I wh. male^ 
and 2 do. females, of 100 years and upwards. 206 white, and IB colored persons deaf and dumb; 1/0 white, and 22 colored 
persons blind; 3,377 aliens ; 9,498 free colored males, and 8,809 do. females; and 1,054 male, and 1,192 female slaves. 

This Slate is a great thoroughfare for travellers, and for the transportation of merchandise between tlie north and south. A 
rail-road from Amhoy, 23 miles south of New- York, to CamdeK on the Delaware, opposite Philadelphia, via Bordcnlown, bl 
miles • and the DtUware and Raritm canal, for sea-vessel navisation, from New Brunswick to Lamberton, below, and via 
Trenton, on the Delaware, 38 miles,— are in great progress and will soon be completed. The Moms canal from Newark, on 
the Passaic, to Easlon, Penii. on the Delaware, 90 1-2 miles, is in successful operation. The Patterson and Hudson Bicer 
Rail-Hoad, from Patterson to Jersey City, 14 miles, is in progress. 

IPEM'NSYI.'W ANIA.— ADAMS Co. 19,370—21,379. Oeltustnrgk, 1,473. 34 S.W. by S. from Harrisburg. 76 from 
W ALLEGHANY Cr34,921-5(),S06. Pittsburgh city, 12,542. 201 W. 223. ARMSTRONG Co. 10,324-17,625. Kittaning, 
1,620. 183 W. by N. 215. BEAVER Co. 15,340-24,208. iVarer, 914. 229 W. by N. 251. 

BEDFORD Co. 20,248—24,530. Bedford, 870. 103 W. by S. 126. BERKS Co. 46,275—53,357. Reading, 5,859. 52 E. 
by N 143 BRADFORD Co. 11,554— 19,609. Towsniia, 128 N. by E. 239. BUCKS Co. 37,842— 45,740. Doylestomn, 
107 E. 160. BUTLER Co. 10,193—14,683. Butler, 380. 204 W. by N. 238. 

CAMBRIA Co. 3,287—7,079. Ebensburgh, 270. 131 W. by N. 178. CENTRE Co. 13,796—18,765. Bellcfonte, 69?. 8o 
N. W. 192. CHESTER Co. 44,451-50,908. West Chester, 1,238. 75 E. S. E. 115. 

CLEARFIELD Co. 2,342—4,803. Clearfield, 129 N. W. by W. 201. COLUMBIA Co. 17,021-20,049. Danville, 65 
N by E. 175. CRAWFORD Co. 9,397—16,005. Meadvillc, 1,070. 236 W. N. W. 297. 

CUMBERLAND Co. 23,606— 29,218. Carfis/e 2,323. 18 W. by S. 104. DAUPHIN Co. 21,653— 25,303. Harrisbdrg, 
4,311.110. DELAWARE Co. 14,810— 17,361. Oiesfer, 848. 93 E. S. E. 121. ERIE Co. 8,553— 16,906. £rie, 1,329. 
272 N. W. by W. 333. FAYETTE Co. 27,285—29,237. Uniontown, 1,341. 184 W. by S. 193. 

FRANKLIN Co. 31,892— 35,103. C/iamiersJurWi, 2,794. 48 S. W. by W. 90. GREENE Co. 15,534— 18,028. Waynes- 
burgh, 222 W. by S. 229. HUNTINGDON Co. 20,142—27,159. Huntingdon, 90 W. by N. 148. 

INDIANA 00.8,882-14,251. Indiana, 433. 137 W. by N. 189. JEFFERSON Co. 501—2,225. Brookmlle, 165 N. W; 
by W. 238. LANCASTER Co. 68,336—76,338. Lancaster, 33 S. E. by E. 109. 

LEBANON Co. 10,388—20,546. Lebanon, 7,704. 24 E. N. E. 134. LEHIGH Co. 18,895—22,266. .mentomi, 83 E. N. 
E. 178. LUZERNE Co. 20,027—27,304. Wilksbarre, 2,233. 114 N. E. by N. 222. 

LYCOMING Co. 13,517—17,037; Williamsport 87 N. by W. 196. McKEAN Co. 728—1,439. Smithport, 200 N. W 
by N. 273. MERCER Co. 11,681-19,731. JWercer, 058. 233 W.N. W. 207. MIFFLIN Co. 16,618— 21,529. Lewistown, 
1,479. 55 N. W. by W. 162. MONTGOMERY Co. 3i793— 39,404. JVorristown, 1,826. 88 E. by S. 143. 

NORTHAMPTON Co. 31,763— 39,267. £as!iin, 101 E. N. E. 190. NORTHUMBERLAND Co. 13,424— 18,168. Sim- 
buru. 1,057. .12 N. 162. PERRY Co. 11,342—14,257 JVew Bloomfietd, 3,5-29. 36 W. by N. 122. 

PlIILADELPHlA City and County, 137,097— 188,961. P/ii(a<ie(p*i<i, 98 E. S. E. 136. PIKE Co. 2,894—4,843. Mil- 
ford, 157 N. E. by E. 249. POTTER Co. 180—1,265. Coicdfrsport, 174 N. W. by N. 283. 

SCHUYLKILL Co. 11,339— 20,783. Orxigsburgh.173. 59 N.E. 167. SOMERSET Co. 13,974— 17,441. Somerset, 
649. 143 W. by S. 165. SUSQUEHANNAH Co. 9,660— 10,777. Monlrose,ilo. 163 N. N.E. 271. 

TIOGA Co. 4,021—9,062. Wellsborough, 147 N. by W. 253. UNION Co. 18,619—20,749. ffem Berlin, 60 N. by W. 
168 VENANGO Co. pop. 1820, 4,915. Franklin. 212 W. N. W. 279. WARREN Co. pop. 1820, 1,976. Warren, 240 

N. W. 313. WASHINGTON Co. pop. 1820, 40,038: Washington, 212 W. 229. 

WAYNE Co. 4,127—7,003. Bethany. 327. 102 N. E. by N. 265. WESTMORELAND Co. 30,540—38,400. Qreens- 
burgh, 810. 170 W. 192. YORK Co. 38,759—42,638. York, 4,216. 24 S. by E. 87. , .. 

The population of Philadelphia in 1731 was 12,000— in 1753, 18,000— in 1790, 42,520— in 1800, 70,287— in 1810, 90,664— and 
ID 1820, 119,325. The population of Pittsburgh, in 1800,1,565— in 1830, between 17 and 18,000, including the suburbs. 

There were in this state in 1830, 117,120 white males, and 112,085 do. females, under 5 years of age— 74,351 wh. males, and 
76,649 do. females of 15 and under 20-120,862 wh. males, and 115,423 do. females, of 20 and under 30—46,536 wh. males, 
and 44,222 do. females, of 40 and under 50 — 28,060 wh. males, and 27,749 do. females, of 50 and under 60 — 1,919 wh. males, 
and 2,032 do. females, of 80 and under 90—217 wh. males, and 230 do. females, of 90 and under 100— and 37 wh. males, and 
20 do. females, of 100 years and upwards. There were 712 white, and 30 colored persons, deaf and dumb — 443 white, and 
28 colored persons who were bluid — and 13,365 ahens. 

There are 7 Universities or Colleges in this state, the oldest of which is the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, 
founded in 1753, and of which W. H. De Lancey, D. D. is President. 

The societies of Friends in this state are quite numerous ; the Episcopalians have 60 ministers ; the Presbyterians 429 
churches, 248 clergy, and 38,873 communicants; the Baptists, 144 churches, 96 ministers, and 7,361 communicants; the 
Methodists, 140 preacliers and 40,390 members ; the German Reformed Church, 282 churches, and 73 ministers. The Jlsso- 
date Presbyterians. 39 congregations, 18 ministers, and 4,180 communicants ; the Evangelical Lutherans, 2 synods ; the 
/?tt(cft fte/orTnerf CAurcA, churches and ministers; the United Brethren have about 15 congregations ; the Unitarians, 5 
congregations and 3 ministers ; the Roman Catholics are numerous, and there are some Universalists, Jews, and other sects. 

Nothing can better illustrate Uie wise policy of the people of this state, than a good map of Pennsylvania. We there find 
canals and railroads intersecting the extensive and fertile territory of this state in almost every direction ; crossing the Alle- 
ghany mountains to the Ohio river; reaching the northern and western lakes, and bringing the boundless treasures of her 
coal mines, and a vast inland commerce, to the banks of the Schuylkill and Delaware. Aggregate length of the canals in thia 
state in 1831, 728 miles. State debt, $12,312,520- state properly, same year, $15,174,187. 

About a mile and a half from the centre of Philadelphia, stands Fair Mount, a beautiful and lasting monument of the 
enterprize and wisdom of the people of that city. At that place a dam is thrown across the river Schuylkill 900 feet in length. 
Suitable buildings are erected below, on the marginvif the river, in which are a number of forcing pumps, which raise the 
water to a number of reservoirs on the top of llie Mount, 102 feet above the surface of the river, and 56 feet above the highest 
ground in the city. These reservoirs constantly contain from 8 to 12 million gallons of water, and from 60 to 70 miles of 
pipe lead it into every section of the city. Ten million gallons can be raised daily. About two million gallons daily is the 
usual demand in summer-months. The cost of the present works was 8432,512. Revenue in 1829, 856,093. Since the city 
has been thus supplied with pure and wholesome water, the yellow fever has been almost a stranger within its limits. 

DBIiAVT ARE.— KENT Co. 20,793—19,911. Dover, 114 from W. NEWCASTLE Co. 27,899—29,710. JVeu- 
Castle, 42 N. 103. Wilmington, il H . iOS. SUSSEX Co. 24,057— 27,118. Georgetown, 40 S. by E.ii% 

There were in this state in 1830, 4,747 white males, and 4,046 do. females, under 5 years of age — 3,179 white males, and 3,380 
do. females, of 13 and under 20—2,036 wh. males, and 2,047 do. females of 40 and under 30—201 wh. males and 263 do. fe- 
males, of 70 and under 80 — 1 white female of 100 and upwards. There were 374 male slaves, and 506 female do. under 10 
years of age— 257 male slaves and 241 female do. of 24 and under 30 — 44 male slaves, and 49 female do. of 55 and under lOO 
— and 3 slaves of each sex of 100 and upwards. 

The Delaware and Chesapeake Canal, 13 1-2 miles in length, from Delaware city, on the Delaware river, 45 miles below 
Philadelphia, to a branch of the Chesapeake bay, about 70 miles from Baltimore, is a work of great national importance, 
inasmuch as it unites the great waters of the Delaware and Chesapeake by a safe navigation for sea vessels of ten feet 
draught of water, thus avoiding a tedious and often dangerous passage round cape Charles, of between three and four hun- 
dred miles. For the year ending June 1, 1831, 5,280 passages of vessels of different descriptions were made through thia 
canal, with passengers, and merchandise of various kinds. The tolls received that year amounted to $02,223. The cost of - 
this canal exceeds two millions. The Rail-road from Newcastle on the Delaware to Frenchtown, Md. 16 miles, crossing 
this state in nearly the same direction with the canal, is in operation, and greatly facilitates the progress of travellers. 

MAB.VI.AND.— ALLEGHANY Co. 8,654-10,602. Cumberland, 165 W. N. W. from Annapolis, 132 from W 
ANNE ARUNDEL Co. 27,165—28,295. Annapolis, 2,623. 37 from W. BALTIMORE Co. 98,201—120,826. Baltimore city, 
80,025. 30 N. by W. 38. CALVERT Co. 8,073— 8,899. Prince Fredericktoicn, Si S. 56. CAROLINE Co. 10,008— 9,070, 
Denton, 44 E by S. 81. CHARLES Co. 16,500—17,668. Port Tobacco, 69 S. W. bv S. 32. CECIL Co. 10,048—15,432 
Elkton, 80 N. E. by N. 88. DORCHESTER Co. 17,759—18,685. Cambridge, 62 S. E. 99. FREDERICK Co. 40,439—43,793 
Ji-i-ederic/i, 4,427. 76 N.W. by W. 43. HARTFORD Co. 15,924— 16,315. Befoir, 53 N.by E. 61. KENT Co. 11,453— 10,502. 
Chestertown.4- N. E. by E. 82. MONTGOMERY Co. 16,400— 19,816. 7!oc*eiHe, 52 W. by N. 15. PRINCE GEORGES Co. 
30,216—20,473. Upper Malborough. 23 H.W . 1». QUEEN ANN Co. 14,952— 14,396. CenJrecii/e, 32 E. by N. 69. 

8T. MARYS Co. 12.974— 13,4K. /..eonori/loMii, 82 S. bv W. 63. SOMERSET Co. 19,579— 20,155. Princess Jinn, 107 
a. E. 144. TALBOT Co. 14,389-12,947. Easton, 47 S. E."by E. 84. WASHINGTON Co. 23,073—25,265. Hagerstoicn, 
»,371. 101 N.W. by W. 68. WORCESTER Co. 17,421—18,271. Snowhill, 127 S. E. 164. 

The population of this state in 1060 was 12,000— in 1701, 25,000— and in 1763, 70,000 whites. The pop. of Baltimore in 
J775, was 5,934— in 1790, 13,503— in 1800, 20,614— in 1810, 40,.-)35— and in 1*M, 62,738. 

There wore in this stale in 1830, 23,732 white males, and 22,355 do. females, under 5 years of age— 29,390 white males, and 
97,243 females, of 20 and under 30 — 24 white, and 238 colored persons, of 100 years and upwards— 132 white and 82 colored 
persona, deaf and dumb — 156 while, and 117 colored persons, blind — and 4,833 aliens. 

The Baltimore and oltio Rail-road, from Baltimore to Cincinnati, 230 mites in length, will soon be completed ; a consid- 
erable part of it is now in successful operation. 



DISTRICT OP OOIiTTMBIA.— WASHINGTON City and County, 15,976—21,830. Oearguown, 7^360— 
8,396. ALEXANDRIA and County, 9,703— 9,608. Theie were in ttiis District, 1830, 2,345 wliite males, and 2,182 do 
females, under 5 years ; 2,705 wli. males, and %mk do. females, of 20 and under 30 ; 1,917 wh. males, and 1,751 do. females, 
of 30 and under 40 ; 25 wh. malc^. and 30 do. females, of 80 and under 90 ; and 1 white, and 3 colored males, and 2 colored 
females, of 100 years and upwards ; 12 white, and 3 colored persona, deaf and dumb ; and 14 white, and 8 colored personi, 
blind; aliens, 673. 

The City of Washington was planned under the direction of George Washington, in 1791, with his usual taste and judg- 
ment. The population of this city in 180O was 3,210,— of which 623 were slaves, and 123 free colored persons ; in 1820, 9,606 
whites, 1,945 slaves, and 1,696 free colored persons ; and in 1830, 13,379 whites, 2,319 slaves, and 3,139 free colored persons. 

The Capitol in Washington is in a commanding position, 73 feet above tide water, and covers one and a half acres and 1,82« 
square feet of land, ciclusive of its circular enclosure, and elegant area and glacier on the west front. 

The President's House is 180 feet long by 85 wide, of free stone, 2 stories high, with a lofty basement. It occupies an ele- 
vated situation, iu Uie centre of a large reservation of ground,— commanding a view to the south, extremely beautiful and 
picturesque. The number of public buildings in this city in 1831 was 65; total number of buildings, 3,708; of which there 
were 19 for public worship, viz. for the -E;)iseo;»aiton5, 3; Presbytcriam^ i; Catholics, 2; Methodisu, 3 ; Friends,!; Bap 
lists, 3 ; Unitarians, 1 ; and Africans, 2. 

The expenditures in this city for the accommodation of the Government of the United States are $4,254,858. The Capitol 
alone has cost $2,432,844. The sales of, and present value of unsold lands, wharves, &c. in Washington, belonging to tho 
United States, with donations from Virginia and Maryland of 3192,000, amount to $4,139,846. The U. S. property in Wash- 
ington is not taxed for city purposes. 

Ckilumbia College, about I 1-2 miles north of the President's House,— in full view of the city and surrounding country, on a 
plot of land of 47 acres,— was founded 1821. Instructors, 4— Undergraduates, 50— Vols, in Libraries, 4,000. Stephen Chapin, 

D. D. President. The number of deaths in Washington in 1831, 187 adults, 193 children,- total, 380. 

The Clieaaiieate and Otiii Canal, 360 miles in length, from Georgetown to the Ohio river, near Pittsburgh, Penn. is in pro- 
gress, and will soon be in operation. 

■VIRGINIA.- There are 106 Counties in this State. AUGUSTA Co. 16,742—19,925. Staunton, 1,726. 121 N. W.- 
bv W. from Richmond, 163 from W. DIN WIDDIE Co. 13,792—13,637. Petersburgh toicn, 8,322. 22 S. 144. 
"HENRICO Co. 11,600— 12,738. RicBMO.SD cily, 16,060. 122. KORFOLK Co. 15,478—14,998. Jforfotk, borougK, 9,Si6. 
114 S. by E. 217. OHIO Co. 9,182—15,590. Wheeling, 5,221. 357 N. W. 264. SPOTSYLVANIA Co. 14,2a— 11,920. 
Fredericksbv.rgh, town, 3,307. 06 N. 56. 

The population of misstate in 1642 was 20,000— in 1060, 30,000— in 1703, 60,000 -in 1749, 85,000— and in 1703, 70,000 
whites, and 100,000 negroes. In 1830, there were in this stale 65,781 white males, and 62,404 do. females, under 5 years of 
age— 60,825 wh. males, and 62,039 do. females, of 20 and under 30—8,967 wh. males, and 8,775 do. females, of 60 and under 
70 — 23 white males, and 26 do. females, of 100 years and upwards. There were 43,214 male, and 40,853 female slaves, of 24 
and under 36 — 3,537 free colored males, and 4,394 do. females, of 24 and under 36 — 322 colored persons of 100 years and up- 
wards. There were also 422 white, and 132 colored persons deaf and dumb — 374 white, and 445 colored persons who were 
blind — and 756 aliens. 

The Presbyterians in this state have 104 churches, 90 clergy, and 7,503 communicants — the Baptists 337 churches, -192 
ministers, and about 40,000 communicants— the Methodists, 77 preachers and 27,947 members — the Episcovalians, 45 minis- 
ters — the Friends have many societies — and there are some Lutherans, Roman Catholics and Jews- 

There are four colleges in this state, whose aggregate number of students is 267. 

ITORTIX CAROLIWA.— There arc 64 Counties in this state. CRAVEN Co. 13,394—14,325. JVewSern, 3,775. 
120 S. E. by E. from Raleigh, 337 from VV. CUMBERLAND Co. 14,446—14,824. Fayetteville, 2,868. 61 S. by W. 347. 

ROWAN Co. 26,009— 20,796. Salisbury, \,(in. 118 W. 379. WAKE Co. 20,102.— 20,417. Raikigh, 1,700. 270. 

The population of this state in 1701 was 5,000— in 1749, 45,000— in 1763, 9.5,000 whites. There were in this state in 1830. 
87,976 white males, and 93,045 do. females, of 20 and under 60—34,195 male, and 33,(U8 female slaves, of 24 and under 55— 
2,465 free colored males, and 2,838 do. females of 24 and under 55 — 49 white, and 255 colored persons of 100 and upwards— 
194 white, and 79 colored persons deaf and dumb— 215 white, and 157 colored persons, blind — and 206 aliens. 

The University of N. C. was founded 1791. Aluroni, 434— Instructors, 9 — Undergraduates, 69 — Vols, in Libraries, 4,800. 

The Baptists in this state have 272 churches, 139 ministers, and 15,530 communicants — the Presbyterians 126 churches 
and about 6,000 communicants — the Methodists, 32 preachers and 12,640 members — the Lutherans, 45 congregations, and 
1,888 communicants— the f^iJiscoijaiiaTt^, 11 ministers — the United Brethren, ij^^l members— and the Friends, a number of 
societies. 

SOITTH CAROIilNA.— ABBEVILLE District, 23,167—28,134. Mheville, 100 W. by N. from Columbia, 534 
fromW. CHARLESTON Dist. CAarJcsfon, llOS. E.byS. 544. GEORGETOWN Dist. 17,603— 19,943. Ocor!retown,l2\ 

E. S.E. 482. LAURENS Dist. 17,68'2— 20,863. /.aurens C. //. 79 N. W. by W. 498. 

RICHLAND Dist. 12,321—11,465. CoLUMBIi, 500. SUMPTER Dist. 25,369—28,278.- Snmpteroille, iiE. by S. 481. 

The population of this state in 1701 was 7,000— in 1749, 30,000— in 1765, 40,000 whites and 90,000 people of color. The 
population of Charleston in 1790 was 16,359— in ISOO, 18,712— in 1810, 24,711— in 1820, 24,780— and in 1830, 30,289. There 
were in this state in 1830, 25,131 white males, and 23,727 do. females, under 5 years of age— 50,097 white males, and 49,215 do. 
females, of 20 and under 60—33 white, and 207 colored persons, of 100 and upwards— 172 white, and 67 colored persona 
deaf and dumb — 99 white, and 129 colored persons blind— and 498 aliens. There were in this slate in 1830, 51,411 male slaves 
and 54,742 female do. of 24 and under 55— 1,046 free colored males, and 1,292 do. females, of 24 and under 55. 

The Methodists in this state have 54 preachers and 2,500 members— the Baptists, 159 churches, 131 ministers, and 12,320 
communicants— the Pres^'ytcnfliu, 77 churches, 46 ordained ministers, and 6,671 communicants — the Episcopalians, 34 min- 
isters — there are also some of other denominations. 

There are two colleges in this state, whose aggregate number of Alumni is 517— Undergraduates, 172— Vols, in Lib. 11,000. 

A Rail-Road, 135 miles in length, from Hamburg, on the Savannah river, opposite to Augusta, Geo. to the city of Charles- 
ton, is in progress: part of it is in operation. 

GEORGIA.— There are 76 Counties in this slate. BALDWIN Co. 5,665— 7,289. Millcdobville, 1,599 642 from 
W. CHATHAM Co. 14,737— 14,230. SauaniKi*, 7,303. 167 S. E. by E. 662. RICHMOND Co. 8,608— 11,644. Awusla 
6,696. 90 E.N. E. 580. " * 

There were in this state in 1830, 33,111 while males, and 30,971 do. females, under 5 years of aoe— .58,280 wh males and 
51,372 do. females, of 20 and under 60—32,463 male slaves, and 32,840 female do. of 24 and under 55—35 white and' 201 
colored persons of 100 years and upwards— 147 white, and 56 colored persons, deaf and dumb— 143 white and 119 colored 
persons, blind — and 86 aliens. 

The t/m!)frsi(yo/ GMi-ffia, at Athens, 76 miles north from Milledgcville, was founded 1783. Alumni 256- Instructors 
7 ; Under-graduates, 95 ; Vols, in Libraries, 4,250. ' ' 

In this state the Roman Catholics have 3 churches and three ministers : tile Ohrist-ians 3 churches and 28 ministers ■ the 
Presbyterians, 55 churches, 31 ministers and 3,034 communicants; the Episcopalians,* churches and 4 ministers; the Bap- 
tists, 390 churches, 205 ministers, and 31,797 communicants; and the Methodists, 64 preachers and 27,038 members. 

i,r-*'¥'AS^^.4iT''''''?.,"*'* ''^.'.„^t,'='"'"li?^.. DALLAS Co. Cahaba, 96 S. by E. from Tuscaloosa, and 886 from 
W. LAUDERDALE Co. Ftortnce, 146 N. by W. 796. IMOBILB Co. JWoWc, 226 S. by W. 1,033. TUSCALOOSA Co 
TosCALOosA, 858. Mobile is the largest town in this slate, population 3,194. 

'?';f'-„??'^ '," !'''^ ?'^"= '" '*•'*'' "'*•''' ""'''"^ ™^'«^' ""'' '^'^''3 do. females, of 20 and under 30—11 076 male slaves 
and 11,790 female do. of 24 and under 36-182 free col. males, and 126 do. females, of '24 and under 36-H white, and 62 col' 
persons, of 00 and upwards-84 wh. and 2o col. persons, deaf and dumb-70 white, and 42 col. persons, blind-and 73 aliens 
it-mf^2il"",^V",^l"''"'-^%^^'^"^?^'^B""i"^^"f' ^"^ 8'"^ communicants; the Methodists, 44 preachers and 
13,o04 members; the Presbyterians, 38 churches, 27 ordained ministers, and 1,669 communicants the Episconalians "min- 
isiers; the R(,«ifl7i CatAo/icff, 9 ministers. wi/i*«.*r(o, . luiu 

aaiSSISSlPPI.-This state is divided into 26 counties. ADAMS Co. J^atchez, 112 S. W. bv S. from Jackson 1146 
,^T Uft 9 ^^ uSi •'"p"'"'?- °^*- . ..■'EifFERSON Co. Fayette, 93 S. W. by s! 1127. WILKINSON Co V",i 
ri«c, 148 b. S. W. 1182. Population of Natchez, the largest town, 2,790. 

^JllK'l^X a" "',"oI'"°J" j vJ*'^" V'"'" 'n»'<^5. a""! 'I.«59 do. females, of 20 and under 60 ; 10,421 male slaves and 
10,176 fcrnale do. of 24 and under 55 ; 2 white and 45 colored persons of 100 and upwards ; 29 white and 11 colored oersons 
deafanddumb— 25 white, and 28 colored persons blind, and 82 aliens. v. uiie anu ii coiortu persons 

,i^^?/^i'.'"'Tr°fl'"^' '." 'ijl^s'""; have 4 ministers; the Presbyterians S5 churches, 21 ordained ministers, and 940 commu- 
^rZr:fretmfZ;an^Th:iil?. """ ''"'' '"""'"' ' ""^ ^'''"'''' =« ""■""-■ '" ■""-'"'. "" ^'H^commuS^c^r; 
r ^**J'^S^,'i^?'*''iT,'''''i?.^ii'i,'..'' <i'"ileil into 31 parishes. ASCENSION P. 3,728— 5,400. Doxatdsontille 75 W 
5'j;3"51^5?lo'£' V;roLAj'st?;S?'fl°T' ""• ''''"-"'■'-«■ """'""-''"' =•" ^- W- '-V W. (^^^'."'SitEk^%'%- 
and i'n I'sso'^'si'o"' "" ^"°'^'' '°'°"*' "' l'""'^'""''' «■ ''O' "»s 11,496 ; of New Orleans in 1810, 17,242 ; in 1820, 27,176, 
kZrsZl'b^tlliZVi^^V^'u!:: """" """''.' ??'','''°^" ^°-- C^"^"'" •"■ * ^"^ ""''" 30-15,763 male, and 13,499 

.an?eT4-y-'^^n;^^?s","p-eSy«S:i'gV.: Ss^-^-SKiSi tilKs"-" ''"''' "'^' ^'^^ '" "■""' ^»"— - ^ ^'^ 
,<!(*/ ?„»^?'i?^?4E\''J'NM«''°'T.?.'''"""'''^- ^'^^'^ *-'"• •'"■''"'='"•• '^•■■■v, 980 from W. St. LOUIS Co. 10,049-14 907 
npwards-9 white, luid 3^^<>lor.,ipZ^.t:n."/,;;lu^-:^^^^^^^^^^ >-« -> 



TENNESSEE.— There are 62 counties In tlil^stote. DAVIDSON Co. 50,154—22,523. Nashville, 5,566, 714 
from W. JACKSON Co. 7,59»— 9,902. Otiinsborough, 79 N. E. by E. 652. KNOX Co. 13,034—14,498. Kncxmllc, 199 B. 
by N. 516. LINCOLN Co. 14,761— 22,086. i.ViJ/<;<((n»«e, 73 S. by W. 722. MAURY Co. 22,141— 28,153. OiluTnliia, ii 8. 
W. by S. 733. MONTGOMERY Co. 12,219— 14,365«<'- .Ctarksville, 46 N. W. by VV. 746. RUTHERFORD Co. 19,552— 
26,133. Murfrecsbm-migk, 33 S. E. 086. WASHINGTON Co. 9,557—10,995. Joncsborougk, 298 E. by N. 429. 
WILLIAMSON Co. 20,640—26,608.' Franklin, 18 W. by N. 732. 

There were in tbis utate in 1830, 44,711 white males, and 42,858 do. females, of 20 and under 30—11,264 male, and 12,221 
female slaves, of 24 and under 36 — 50 whites, and 93 slaves of 100 years and upwards — 180 white, and 26 colored persons 
deaf and dumb — 177 white, and 41 colored persona blind — and 121 aliens. 

IlililNOIS.— There are tii cnunlics in this state. CRAWFORD Co. 3,022—3,113. Palestine, 118 E. from V. (by tho 

mail route,) 7IH from W. FAYETTE Co. Vakd/ilh, 781 from W. GREENE Co. CarroUon, 106 W. N. W. 887. 
JO-DA VIESS Co. aaknf, 326 N. by VV. 990. MADISON Co. Edwardsmlle, 55 W. S. W. 830. MORGAN Co. 
JacksonmlU; 115 N. W. by VV. 837. RANDOLPH Co. Kaskaskia, 95 S. 3. W. 867. SANGAMON Co. SpringMM, 79 
N.W.801. 

There were in this state in 1830, 14,708 white males, and 12j 279 do. females, of 20 and under 30—2,856 white males, and 
2,021 do. females, of 50 and under 60—5 white, and 7 colored persons, of lOO years and upwards — 64 white persons deaf and 
dumb — 36 white, and 3 colored persons, blind— and 447 aliens. A canal is in progress, 70 miles in length, to imite the Dhnoi» 
River with Lake Michigan. 

INDIANja..— This state is divided in 64 counties. FLOYD Co. 2,776—6,363. JVeio Mbany, 121 S. by E. from I. 
594 from VV. JEFFERSON Co. 8,038— 11,405. JI/aAsoTi, 85 S. S. E. 576. KNOX Co. 5,437— 6,557. FincraJiM, 120 
S. W. 093. MARlONCo. Inhianapolis, 573. SWITZERLAND Co. 3,934—7,111. rcuM, 105 S. E. by S. 550. WASH- 
INGTON Co. 9,039-13,072. Salem, 91 S. 613. 

There were in this state In 1830, 27,077 white males, and 26,170 do. females of 20 and under 30— 3,189 white males, 
and 2,175 do. females, of 60 and under 70 — 12 white, and 7 colored persons of 100 years and upwards — 104 white, and i 
colored persons deaf and dumb — 72 white, and 2 colored persons, blind— and 280 aliens. 

KENTUCKV.— This state has 83 counties. BOURBON Co. 17,064—18,434. Taris, 1,219, 43 E. from Frankfort, 516 
fromW. CHRISTIAN Co. 10,459— 12,694. .Wopimsoi/fc, 1 ,203. 206 S. W. by W. 745. FAYETTE Co 23 ■250—''5 174 
/.Cim^tom, 0,104. 25 S.E.byS. 534. FRANKLIN Co 11,024— 9,251. Prankfokt, 1,680,551. JEFFERSON Co 20 768-^ 
24,002. Louisville, 10,352. 52 W. 590. LOGAN Co. 14,423-13,002. Russrtville, 1,358. 171 S. W. 711. MASON Co' 13'588— 
16,203. Maysville, 2,040. 67 N. E. by E. 478. NELSON Co. 16,273—14,910. Bardstawn, 1,625.55 S. W. 006. SCOTT Co 
14,219—14,677. Oeor^ctoKB, 1,344. 17 E. by N. 534. SHELBY Co. 21,047— 19,039. S/i£l4j(Di«e, 1,201. 21 W. 572. 

There were in this slate in 1830, 54,228 white males, and 50,701 do. females, under 5 years of age ; 45,384 white males, and 
41,579 do. females, of 20 and under 30; 13,386 male slaves, and 14,177 female do. of 24 and under 36; 38 white, and 128 colored 
persons of 100 years and upwards ; 283 white, and 42 colored persons deaf and dumb ; 156 white, and 78 colored persons who 
were blind — and 173 aliens. 

There arc 6 colleges in this slate, whose aggregate number of students is 496. The Baptists in this state have 25 associa- 
tions, 442 churches, 289 ministers, and 37,520 communicants ; the Metkodists, 77 preachers, and 23,935 members; the Presby 



OHIO.— ADAMS Co. 10,400—12,278. West Unim, ASS, 101 S. S. W. from Columbus,46GfromW. ALLENCo, 
Wapaghkonetta {a new county) 110 N. W. by W. 507. ASHTABULA Co. 7,382—14,584. Jefferson, 270, 191 N E 325 
ATHENS Co. 6,338— 9763. Jithens, 729-73 S. E. 344. BELMONT Co. 20,329—28,412. St Clalrsvillc 789' I"4 P 
275. BROWN Co. 13,3.W— 17,867. Ocoj-^ctoKiji, 325, 104 S. S. W. 480. BUTLER Co. 21,746— 27,044. Hamilton I mi 
lOlW. S. W. 488. CHAMPAIGN Co. 8,479—12,130. Urbanna, 1,1 02,- 50 W. N. W. 447. CLARK Co. 9 533— i:)'o74' 
Syrin^ScW, 1,08», 43 VV. 439. CLERMONT Co. 15,820— 20,466. Baiaoia, 426, 109 S. W. by S. 476. CLINTON Co 8 0H5 
—11,292. mimirtglon, 607, 07 S. W. 444. COLUMBIANA Co. 22,033—35,508. JVew-Z.isbo7i, 1 ,138. 152 E N E "82 



i.aariion, .-.?i, 101 n. rj. o:r£. »jrte.t.i\r. kjo. iu,o::y — ro,uo^. JLema, 919, 0/ w. a. VV. 453 GUERNSEY 
030. Cambridge, 5i8, 83 E.3U. HAUDIN Co. (new) Hardy, 69 W. by N. 436. HAMILTON Co 31 764— 
innati, 24,831, 112 8. W. 497. HANCOCK Co. Inew) pop. in 1830,813. f'indlay,52, 114 N. N. VV .'in» 
Co. 14,34.5-20,929. Cadiz, 820, 124 E. by N. 278. HENRY Co. (new) Damascus, 161 N.W. 485. HIGHLANri 
i,347. «;«,sJ,„o!/^/i, 564, 74 S. S. W. 441. HOCKING Co. 2,130— 4,008. ion-aji, 97, 47, S. E. 370 HOLMl'S 
) pop. in 1830, 9,133. JlfiWcr.s-iiiri'/j, 319, 80 N. E. 341. HURON Co. 6,675— 13,345. JVor»,aM, 310 113 N bv I' 
ICKSON Co. 3,74(i— 5,974. Jackson, 329, 74 S. S. E. 387. JEFFFRSON Co. 18,531-22,489.- Stiibcnville '" 937' 
'N.26n. KNOX Co. 8,326— 17,124. JMoien! Fcrnon, 1,021, 45 N. E. 375. LAWRENCE Co. 3,499— 5 306 ' 'iur' 



Co. 10,292— 14,766. Columiius, 2,437, 396. GALLIA Co. 7,098— 9,73.1. Ga«ij)oit», 755, 108 S. S. E. 302. GEAUGA Co 
7,791—15,813. CAarrfo;,, 881, 157 N. E. 332. GREENE Co. 10,529— 15,084. .Vcjii'a, 919, 57 W. S. VV. 453 GUERNSEY 

Co. 9,292— 18,036. " ■ ■ '•=--^ — - - • . ..' . •• -' -- «ui.iii,cl,i 

52,321. Ciiicin: 
HARRISON Co 

Co. 12,308—10,347. ' Hillsbm-ovgh, 564,' 74 S. S. W. 441. HOCKING Co. 2,130— 4^008. Logan, 97, 47, S. E. 37o""ho'lMe's 
Co. (neio) pop. in 1""" " ■"" """ ' * "'" "" "' " "" "»'.>^.»' .-. .."-.- .-.«-- -- .. __ 

399. JACKSON 1 
149 E. by N. 260. 

liii^eon, 149, 135S.byE. 405. LICKINtj Co. 11,861— 20,804. JVimaV/i, 999,34 E. by N. 362. LORAIN'Co (Motoriio'n" 
1830, 5,690, Elyria, 608, 130 N. N. B. 377. LOGAN Co. 3,181—6442. Belle Fontaine, 266, 62 W. N. W. 458 MAlllSON 
Co. 4, 799— 6,190. iojirfoji, 249, 27 W. S. W. 423. MARlONCo. (-new) pop. in 1830,6,558. JIfai-ion, 287 47 N 416 
MEDINA Co. 3,082—7,560. Medina, 622, 111 N. E. by N. 357. MEIGS Co. 4,480—6,159. Chester, 164 94 S E 'W ' 
MERCER Co. (new) pop. in 1830, 1,110. St. Mary's, 92, 111 W. N. W. 508. MIAMI Co. 8,851—12,806. Troy 504 78'vv' 
by N. 474. MONROE Co. 4,645— 8,770. Wooiif/ieH, 157, 140 E. by S. 294. MONTGOMERY Co. 15,999— ai 25-' haiiton 
2,965, 66 W. by S. 462. MORGAN Co. 5,297—11,796. Mc Connellsville, 267, 70 E. S. E. 340. MUSKINGUM Co 17 i'i— 
29,325. ZaijcsmWc, 3,094, 59 E. 336. PAULDING Co. (tick.) PERRY Co. 8,429— 14,018. .Summcrscf, 576 46 E S F 354 
PICKAWAY Co. 13,119—15,935. Circleville, 1,136, 26 S. 394. PIKE Co. 4,253—6,024. Piketon, 271, 65 S. 409 p'oRTAGR 
Co. 10,095— 18,827. /(atit«.i«, 806, 127 N. E. 320. PREBLE Co. 10,237— 16,255. JSafon, 511, 92 W. by S. 48,? PUTNAM 
Co. (71CM) Sui^a)- Oroi.r, 148 N. VV. by N. 538. RICHLAND Co. 9,109— 24,007. JlfawfeW, 840, 71 N. N. E. 380 RO.SS Co 
20,019—24,053. Ciiffico/Ac, 2,840, 45 S. 404. SANDUSKY Co. 852— 2,851. Lotcer Sandusky, 3Si,103N.'l2S SCIOTfi 
Co. 5,750— 8,730. PortsmoKfA, 1,064,91 S. 421. SENECA Co. (new) pop. in 1830, 5,148. riffin, 248, 85 N 431 ' SIIKl BV 
Co. 2,106—3,671. Sydney, 2-10, 86 W. N. W. 482. STARK Co. 12,400—26,784. Canlo?i, 1,257, 116 N E bv l" HO 
TRUMBULL Co. 15,546-26,154. lyarrcn, 510, 157 N. E. 297. TUSCARAWAS Co. 8,328—14,298. JTcw-PhiLdc'lnhin 
410, 107, E. N. E. 314. UNION Co. 1,996—3,192. Marysvilte. 142, 37 N. W. 433. VAN WERT Co. (new) Will^liire 140 
N. W. 533. WARREN Co. 17,837—21,493. Lebanon, 1,157, 83 S. W. by W. 468. WASHINGTON Co 10 4"5^11 711 
Marietta, 1,207, 100 E. S. E. 304. WAYNE Co. 11,933—23,344. PTooster, 977, 86 N. E. 347. WILLIAMS 'co(nt'»i 
/)<:/i<incc, 175 N. W. by N. 511. WOOD Co. 733— 1,095. Pciryiriar^/l, 182, 135 N. by W. 460. • i. "«', 

There were in this slate in 1830, 90,304 white males, and 89,766 do. females under 5 years of age— 51,160 do males inil 
52,779 do. females, of 15 and under 20—81,016 do. males, and 75,442 do. females, of 20 and under 30-31,051 do 'males ' 'in 1 
27,461 do. females, of 40 and under 50—3,028 do. males, and 2,909 do. females, of 70 and under 80—21 do. males ami 's'do 
females, of 100 and uiivvards — »4G white persons deaf and dumb— 251 do. blind— and 5,524 aliens. ' 

The Presbyli'Tiinis m tins state have 346 churches, 192 ordained ministers, and 22,150 communicants— the Methodists 91 
preachers, anil :!'■ '"' i .„, mi , , ._ti,e Baptists, 240 cliurches, 140 ministers, and 8,800 communicants— the dissociate I'rcsbti 

tcrians, 65 cmii ' i ministers, and 4,225 communicants— the Lutherans, 37 ministers, 8,700 communicants— tho 

Episcopalian.-,, \<. < -ir Ocrjnan iie/ormtii, 82 congregations, and 3,750 communicants— the JVeio Jerusalem Church 

i societies— till- / . .• mil l..,man Catholics are numerous, and there are some Unitarians, Vniversalistn, and Shakers ' 

1 here arc o toll. l;. » iii ilii., st.ue, whose aggregate number of students in 1831, was 284. The number of steam-boats bn'ilt 
on the western ivaitrs from 1811 to 1831, inclusive, was 346, of which 111 were built at Cincinnati. Tile Ohio State Canal 
from CleavelanJ, on Lake Erie, to Portsmoulli, .it the union of the Scioto and Ohio rivers, 346 miles below Piitsburir 30i; 
miles in length, is partly in operation ; the whole will soon be completed ; making, with the Miami Canal, from the Maumeii 
on Lake Erie, to Cincinnati, 571 milesof canal passing through this state, connecting the Ohio river with the creat laltes 
- The population of Cincinnati in 1800, was 750— in 1810, 2,540— in 1820, 9,642— and in 1831, 28,014. 



XaUCHIGA^T TEIlKITOIl-y-.-(17 counties.) BROWN Co. Green Bay SetUcment, 511 N. W. by W from 
Detroit, and 1,037 Irom W. CRAWFORD Co. Prairie da Chien, 600 W. by N. 1,060. lUCHlLIM VCKINAC C,V 
Mackinac, 321 N. N. W. 487. WAYNE Co. Dktroit, population of D. in 1830, 2,222. 526. '^'"lACKlNAO Co. 

There were in tins territory in 1830, 4,033 white males, and 2,512 do. fem.iles, of 20 and under 30—660 while males in.i 
38odo. females, of 50 and under 60—1 while male of 100 years and upwards— 13 whiles deal" and dmnb— 4 do. blind— and 

, ,^?^4r'''?v'(^.?„,?li;P.S,^ITORV.-(23 counlies.1 ARKANSAS Co. Arkansas, 114 S. E. by E. from L li 

si^RiNG-ci^' ,!t"f^r;:^oo''^v"i'y /ts:"'' "" "■ "'"■ '■""■ ''"''''^''' '"'■ """■" ''""•'■ '■«««• "v-^«« 

.„?'|.""',"7'"". .'.'""'.'"■'''VJ' '" '830, 2,832' white males, and 2,009 do. females of 20 and under 30— 396 male slaves nii'.» 
400 emale do ol 24 and under 36—2 slaves of 100 years and upward»-8 white, and S colored persons deaf and dumb— 
8 wlute, and 2 colored persons blind— and 8 aliuns. >■ = >«-" auu uuuiu 



,^1^9^1^'^ TERRlTORV.-( 15 counties.) ESCAMBIA do. PcuMM^a, ai3 W. from T. 1,050 from W 
LEIJN Co. TALLAuABsEit, 896. St JOHN'S Co. St. Jlugustiuc, 292 B. S. E. 841. ' 

Ihcre were m this territory in 1830, 2,171 while males, and 1,447 do. females, ol' 20 and under 30—10 while mil, 
and 10 white females of 80 ami under 90-and 1 white male of lUO years aud npwards-lhero were 1,830 m,,le s ave" ' 
were blind-ami ^l" aUen ""^'''' ""'"'' *''"'' "'"' '"' '="'""•■'' P"soiis, deaf and dumb-3 white, aud 16 colored (.crsou»''w.! .^ 



A TABXiB, 

Showing the distances, by the shortest mail routes, between the state capitals, the principal cities, and 
the capitals of territories, respectively. Prepared by direction of the Postmaster General, 1831, and 
published by his permission : To which are added, the latitude and longitude of the several places. 
Lat. all North- — Lon. all West ; and calculated for the meridian of Greenwich, 5' or miles East of 
London. London is in North Lat. 51° 31'. The distances on some of the principal routes for travellers 
in the United States, are annexed. 



Distances on the routes from Boston, 
Mass. to New- York, Albany and Buffa- 
lo, N. Y., Cincinnati, Oliio, and New- 
Orleans, Lou. via Long Island Sound, 
the Hudson River, ttie Eric Canal, Lake 
Erie, Miami Canal, and the Ohio and 
Mississippi Rivfira. 

From Boston to Providence, R. I. 40 m. 
Newport, 70— Block Island, 96— New- 
London, Conn. 119— Mouth of Ct. river, 
135— New Haven, 165— Bridgeport, 17.5— 
Norwalk, 19.5— Sand's Point, L. I. 217— 
Frog's I't. 233— HellGate, 234— JVCM lor*, 
940. From JVew York to Manhatlanvillc, 
on Uie Hudson river, 7 miles — Tarrylown, 
S5— Sing Sing, 32— Stoney Pt. 37— Peeks- 
kill, 41— St. Anthony's Nose, 44— West 
Pt. 51 — Newburgh, 60 — Poughkccpsie, 75 
—Hyde Park, 81 — Columbus, 89— Red 
Hook, 100— Catskill, 110— Hudson, 110— 
Kinderhook, 124— Coeymans, 13l—J!llia- 
ny, 14-1. From Albany to Schenectady, 
by the Erie Canal, 30 miles; (by the Mo- 
hawk and Hudson Rail-road, 16) — Am- 
sterdam, 46 — Caughnawaga, H^ — Canajo- 
liarie, 69— Little Fall", 88— Herkimer, 93 
— Utica, 110 — Rome, 125 — Oneida Creek, 
141— Chittenango, 154— Manlius, 102— 
Syracuse, {salt works) 171 — Jordan, 191 
— Montezuma, 206 — Lyons, 226 — Palmy- 
ra, 241— Pitlsford, 200— Rochester, 270— 
Ogden, 383— Biockport, 290— Portville, 
309— Middleport, 331— Lockport, 333— 
Tonawanta, 332— Black Rock, 360— Bu/- 
fato, 363. From Bvffalo to the mouth of 
tlie Maumee river, Ohio, at tho western 
point of Lake Erie, by tlie Lake, 246 m. 
(From B. to Erie, Penn. 83— Cleveland, 
190— Detroit, 330.) From the mouth of 
the Maumee, to Fort Defiance, Ohio, by 
the Miami canal, which is nearly finished. 
56 m — Fort St. Mary's, 110— Hardin, 135 
—Dayton, 185— Hamilton, 230— Cincin- 
nati, 250. From Cincinnati^ down the 
Ohio river, to Vcvay, 05— Louisville, 132 
— Eockport, 277— Mt.Vernon,353— Mouth 
of Cumberland river, 445— Mouth of Ten- 
nessee river, 456 — "To the junction of the 
Mississippi and Ohio rivers, 503 — New 
Madrid, .'508— Big Prairie, 790— Mouth of 
Arkansas river, 889— Tompkins, 1030— 
Walnut Hills, 1073 — Natchez, 1176 — 
Mouth of Red river, I24S— Baton Rouge, 
1449— JVcKj Orleans, 1480. Total niunber 
of miles from Boston to JVew Orleans by 
this route, 2,723. 

From Cincinnati to Waysvilie, {up the 
Ohio river,) 57 miles — Burlington, 144 — 
Gallipolis,185— MarieUa, 277— Wlieeline. 
358— Faucctstown, 401— Middletovvn, 4:fn 
— Pittsburgh, 449. From the unionof tli. 
Ohio .and Mississippi rivers, to St. Lo^li^, 
18 miles below the mouth of the Missouri, 
171[miles. 

FromJVfiO TorhXO Xount Vernon, V\t. 
To Newark Bay, N.J. 8 miles— Elizabeth 
Town point,10— Aniboy,23— New Bruns- 
wick, (up the Raritan,) 35 — Princeton, 
by stage, 50 — Trenton, by do. 00 — Bordon- 
town, on the Del. river, 07 — Bristol, Penn. 
77— Burlington, N. J. 78— Philadelphia, 
97— Newcastle, on the Del. 132— French 
town, on the Chesapeake, by Rail Road. 
148— Pool's Island, 187— Baltimore, 2!, 
—Washington, 255.— Alexandria, 202— 
Mount Vernon, on the west hank of the 
Potomac, south from Washington, 271 m. 
From Mbany to Montreal. To Troy, 
by the Cliamplain canal, 7 miles — Waler- 
ford, 11— Stillwater, 23— Saratoga, 31— 
Schuylervillc, 35— Fort Miller, 40— Fort 
Edward, 48— Fort Ann, 00— Whitehall, 
72— Ticonderoga, by Lake Champiain, 
96— Crown Point, 111— Basin Harbor, 123 
-Essex-, 133— Burlington,147— Port Kent, 
16.3 — Plattsburgh, 17] — Chazy, 186— 
Champiain, 198— St. .lohns, L. C. 230— 
La Prairie, (by Land,} ^Zi9— Montreal, (by packet,) - 
35 miles. 



'^rom^<5'03iaz^i-3gi2go»5^tt!>ci5t[;Hai>S5ira3;o> ^ 



;d -isa ,zo!B2<;a3 



39.55 
38.50 
38.36 
38.46 
42.24 
34.38 
30.28 


38.53 
37.30 
35.47 
33.57 
32.50 
33.07 
32.02 
33.12 
33.23 
29.58 
36.10 
38.14 
39.47 


Lat: 

D. M. 
44.17 
43.12 
44.17 
42.21 
41.51 
41.46 
42.39 
40.43 
40.14 
40.16 
39.57 
39.10 
39.00 


80.05 
89.02 
92.08 
89.53 
82.58 
92.10 
84.36 


70.53 
77.21 
78.48 
81.07 
79.48 
83.20 
81.03 
87.42 
90.08 
90.07 
86.43 
84.40 
83.03 


Lon. 

69.50 
71.29 
72.36 
71.04 
71.26 
72.50 
73.45 
74.01 
74.39 
76.50 
75.11 
75.30 
76.43 


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Rutland, Vt. 144— Sliddlebu 

From Bost 
Point, 160—1 



-(Quebec, 413.) From Albany to Ballston Spa, 29— Saratoga Springs, 

From Boston to Burlington, Vt. Concord, Mass. 16— Groton. 32— New Ipswich, N. H. 53— Kecne, 79— Walpole, S3 — 

"" --Vergenncs, ^O—Jlurlin/^tim, 210. 

Iiv Si,;.im r.cat.) Cape Ajin, :i6—Porismoulh, 70— Portland, 116— Bath, 146— Pemmaquid 
'. ;,;. i:i . , Xi-2 — Kas//>0J-(, 309 miles. 

. I , -1 miles — Lovviston, 28 — Fort Niagara, 35— Genesee river, (on Lake On- 
iner, 172— Sackeit's Harbour, 21?— Cape Vincent, 333— Morristown, 2.V2— 

li, 18— Barncgat Inlet, 74— G. Egg Harbor, 126— Cape May, 171— Cape Cliarlcs, 

From Philaddphiil to JVorfol'li. Chester, 18— Newcastle, 35— Reedy Island 15— Simon's Creek, 60— Dover, (by land,) 67— 
Camden, do. 70— Guinea T. do. 86- St. John's 'V. do. 94— Bridgeville, do. 90— Seaford, do. 106— Vienna, do. 126— Nanlicoke 
Point, do. 152— Devil's Island, 159— Watkins Point, 174— Hampton Roads, 256— .Vur/oW, 268. 

From Baltimore to JVorfolk. North Point, 15— Sandy Point, 29— Annapolis, .3.>— Curtis Point, 44— Herring B.ay, 51— 
Sharp's Island, 63— Cove Point — 79 — Paluxent river, 85 — Point Look-out, 105— Smiih's Point, 113 — Rappahannoc river, 137 — 
New Point Comfort, 155— Old Point Cnmtiirl, IKJ— Elizabeth river, 190— A'orfu//.-, 'J'JO. 

From Charleston S. C. to .S(iii(!»n<i* and Jlwmsta, Geo. Sullivan's Island, .5— Light-House, 1.3— N. Edislo river, .16— Si. 
Helena Sound, 46— Port Royal Entrance, 7s— 'rrbee Light House, 93— Sanannnft, 108— Onslow Island, ll.S— Ebcncror, 13(>— 
Sister's Ferry, 148— Benton's Ferrv, 187— Dog Ferry, 212— Gray's Landing, 256~WiUiame' Fcrrj-, 2«— .«»f««<«, 848. 



PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.— George WaBhington, Vir. from 1780 to 1797. 
iJorn February '2^2, 1732; died December II, 1799. John Adams, Mass. from 1797 to 1801. Born October 
19, 1735 ; died July 4, 182G. Thomas Jcllcrson, Vir. from 1801 to 1809. Born April S, 1743 ; died July 4, 
182G. James Madison, Vir. from 1809 to 1817. Born March 5, 1751. James Monroe, Vir. from 1817 to 
1825. Born April 2, 1758; died July 4, 1831. John Quincy Adams, Mass. from 1 H25 to 1829. Born Jul; 
II, 17f>7. Andrew Jackson, Ten. from 1829. Born March 15, 17G7. Salary $25,000 per annum. 

VICE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.— .Tohn Adams, Mass. from 1789 to 1797. 
Thomas Jefferson, Vir. from 1797 to 1801. Aaron Burr, N. Y. from 1801 to 1S05. George Clinton, N. Y. 
from 1805 to his decease, April 20, 1812. Elbridge Gerry, Mass., from 181 3 to his decease, November 23. 
1814. Daniel D. Tompkins, N. Y. from 1817 to 1825. John C. Calhoun. S. C. from 1825. Salary 
S5,000 per annmn. 

SECRETARIES OF STATE OP THE UNITED STATES.— Thomas Jefferson, Vir. from 1789 
to 1794. Edmund Randolph, Vir. from 1794 to 179.5. Timothy Pickering, Mass. from 1795 to 1800. John 
J^arshall, Vir. from 1800 to 1801. James Madison, Vir. from 1801 to 1809. Robert Smith, Maryland, from 
1809 to 1811. James MonroL', Vir. from 1811 to 1817. Jolm a. Adams, Mass. from 1817 to 1835. Henry 
Clay, Ken., from 1825 to 1829. Martin Van Buren, N. Y. from 1839 to May, 1831. Edward Livingston, 
Lou. from May, 1831. Salary 80,000 per annum. 

JUDICIARY OF THE UNITED STATES.— Chief Justice, John Marshall, Richmond, Vir. ap- 
pointed 1801; salary, S'5000. Associate Justias, "Wm. Johnson, Charleston, S. C. appointed 1804; calarv 
$4500. Gabriel Duvall, Marietia, Md. 1811; 51:4500. Joseph Story, Cambridge, Mass. 1811; fi4500. 
Smith Thompson, N. Y. 1823; $1500. John M'Lean, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1829; $4500. Henry Baldwin, 
Pittsburgh, Pa. 1830 ; $4500. R. B Taney, Maryland, Attorney General ; 3)3500. Richard Peterp Jun., 
Reiiorter; $1000. William T. Carroll, Clerk. Salary, fees of oil'icc. Annual Terra at Washington, se- 
cond Monday in January. 

TREASURY OF THE UNITED STATES.— Louis MtLane,Secretary. The Secre- 

tary of the Treasury superintends all Iho fiscal concerns of the government, and reconmiends to Congress 
measures for improving the revenue. All accounts of the government arc settled at this office, to v^cli arc 
attached two Comptrollers, five Auditors, a Treasurer, and a Register. Joseph Anderson firfet, & J. B. Thornton 
second Comptroller ; Richard Harrison first, William B. Lewis second, Peter Hagner third, Amos Kendall 
fourth, and Stephen Pleasanton fifth Auditor ; John Campbell Treasurer ; and Thomas L. Smith Register. 
There were 140 clerks employed in this office in 1830. The salaries of the various officers and clerks, the 
same year, amounted to $191,150. 

The Public debt of the U. S. for 1791, $75,109,974. Receipts for the same year, $10,210,020. Expendi- 
tures, $7,207,539. For 1800, $81,033,325. Receipts, $12,451,184. Expenditures, $11,989,740. For 1810, 
$53,156,532. Receipts, $12,144,207. Expenditures, $13,319,987. For 1816, $123,016,375. Receipts, 
$57,171,422. Expenditures, $48,344,490. For 1830, $91,015,560. Receipts, $20,881,494. Expenditures, 
$31,763,025. For 1825, $83,788,433. Receipts, $20,840,858. Expenditures, 23,585,805. For 1829, 
$48,565,405. Receipts, $-24,767,122. Expenditures, 25,071,018. Pubhc debt 1832, §24,322,235. 

The estimated balance in the Treasury, January 1, 1839, was $1,208,976. These receipts and expendi- 
tures include all direct taxes, loans, treasury notes, &c., and payments of the public debt. 

The amount of imports for the year ending September 30, 1830, was $70,876,920; of which $01,035,739 
were in American, and $9,841,181 in foreign vessels. Exports, the same year, $73,849,508, of which 
$50,462,029 were domestic, and $14,387,470, foreign articles. 967,227 tons of American shipping entered, 
and 971,760 tons cleared from ports in the U. S. I'otal American tonnage in 1820, 1,260,798. 

In 1829, 57,284 tons of shipping were engaged in the whale fishery ; and 100,796 tons in other fisheries. 
The total amount of duties collected on American tonnage, in 1829, was $1,732,034. The tonnage of vessels 
built, registered and enrolled, in the U. S. in 1839, was 77,098 tons. 

.1RMY OF THE UNITED STATES.— Lewis Cass, Secretary of War ; Alexander Macomb, 
Major Genera! ; Edmund P. Gaines, Winficld Scott, and Thomas S. Jessup, Brigadier Generals ; Colonel 
Nathan Towson, Paymaster General ; Joseph Lovell, Surgeon General ; and Charles Gratiot, Chief Engi- 
neer. The army consists of four regiments of artillery, and seven regiments of infantry. The western 
dfepartment of the army is under the command of General Gaines, the eastern, under the command of Gene- 
ral Scott. The whole army consists of 6, 190 officers and men. There are 58 military posts and arsenals 
in the United States, besides others in a state of forwardness. In times of foreign invasion, insurrection, or 
rebellion, the militia of the several states is under the command of the general government. The number of 
which, in 1830, is stated in the table. 

The Military Academy at West Point, in New York, was established in 1802. Colonel Sylvanus Thayer, 
is Superintendant and Commandant. The number of cadets is limited to 250. The academy is generally 
full. From the establishment of this institution to September 2, 1828, there had been 1289 cadets admitted ; 
540 commissioned ; 477 resigned ; 162 discharged ; 20 had died ; and in 1830, 213 remained. The cost of 
this establishment to 1838, was $1,185,421. 

From 1795 to 1817 inclusive, there were made at the Armory, at Harper's Ferry, Vir. 82,727 muskets, 
ll,870repar'd. and 4,100 pistols; at Springfield, Mass., there were made 128,559 muskets, 1,202 carbines, and 
45,800 repr'd. The expenses at the latter place for purchases, buildings, repairs, 6tc. was $1,820, 122. After 
•tmdry deductions being made, the actual cost of a musket was estimated at $13,56. 

NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES.— L. Woodbury, Secretary of the Navy. John Roilgers, 
Charles Stewart, and Charles Morris Commissioners ; C. W. Goldsborough, Secretary of the Board. 
There are 40 Captams; 37 Masters Commandant; 260 Lieutenants; 44 Surgcoiis ; 42 Pursers; 9 Chap- 
lains; and 12 Navy Agents. Samuel Humphreys, Chief Naval Constructor. There are 7 Navy Yards 
in the United States. William M. CraneCoramandant at Portsmouth, N. H. ; W. Bainbridge at Charlestown, 
Mass. ; Isaac Chauncey at Brooklyn, N. Y. ; L. Warrington at Pliiladelphia, Penn. ; Isaac Hull at Wash 
ington, D. C. ; James Barron at Gosport, Vir. ; and Alex. J. Dallas at Pensacola, Florida. 

There are 7 ships of 74 guns each ; 7 frigates of 44 guns, and 3 of 36 guns ; 2 sloops of war of 24 guns, 
and 13 of 18 guns ; and 8 schooners, which are cither on the stations of the Mediterranean, West Indies, Brazil, 
or Pacific Ocean, or lying in ordinary at the several naval depots. There are also 5 ships of the line, ami 7 
frigates of the first class on the stocks, and which can bo launched and ready for sea on a few months' notice. 
The frigate Constitution, otherwise called, " Old Iron Sides," — the victor of the Guerriere on the 10th Au- 
gust, 1812 ; of the Java on the 20th of December following ; and of the Cyanc and Levant in February, 
1815 — was built at Boston in 1797, and cost $302,719. She is now at Charlestown, Mass. 

The annual cost of a 74 gun ship on a cruize, is $180,360 ; the same in ordinary, $6,433. Of a 44 gun 
frigate on a cruize, $112,000 ; in ordinary, $5,003. Complement of a 74, 656 men ; of a 44, 450 ; and of a 
sloop of war, first class, 184 men. The cost of a 30 to a 74 gun ship, is estimated at $4,500 per gun ; of a 
32, $4,000 ; and of a 20 gun ship, 3(3,500 per gun. 



POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT OF THE U. S.— William T.Barry. Post Masttr General. Salary 
SCjOOO — (the same as to the Secretaries of the Treasury, Aniiy, and Navy.) , 

In the year 1790, there were 75 Post Oflices in the United States, 1875 miles of post roads : the receipts ot 
the Post Office were ©37,935, expenditures ii{32,M0. In 1800, there were 903 Post Offices, 20,817 miles of 
post roads : receipts S3S0,804, expenditures $213,994. In 1810, thertfwcrc 2300 Post Offices, 36,400 miles of 
post roads : receipts S551,684, expenditures JH95,969il In 1820, there were 4^500 Post Offices, 72,492 miles 
of post roads : receipts S1,1U,927, expenditures Sl,160,926. In 1S29, there were 8,004 Post Offices, 115,000 
niilcs of post roads: receipts $1,850,583, expenditures; $1,932,708. The mail, in 1831, was transported by 
coaches, steam boats, sulkies, and on horseback 15,468,632 miles. Rates of Postage : — lor every letter of a 
single sheet, not over 30 miles, G cents ; over 30 lo 80 miles, 10 cents ; over 80 to 150 miles, 12j cents ; over 
150 to 400 miles, ISj cents ; over 400 miles, 25 cents. Double, triple, and quadruple letters, in the same ratio. 
No letter can be charged with more than quadruple postage, unless its weight exceeds one ounce a-toirdiipoU. 

Newspapers, or one sheet of printed paper, not over 100 miles to any state, and to any distance in the state 
where printed, 1 cent ; over 100 miles out of the state vviicre printed, Ij cents. Magazines and pamphlets, for 
every 100 miles, 4 cents per sheet ; over 100 miles, 6 cents. If published periodically, for 100 miles, I J cents ; 
over 100 miles, 2^ cents. There are between 60 and 70 persons employed in this olilce. About 10,000 ac- 
• ounts are balanced and settled quarterly. Upwards of 360,000 dead letters were returned lo this office in 

1829. The revenue arising from the General Post Office, has, in a great measure, been expended in the ex- 
tension and improvement of the establishment. 

The privilege of franking, and receiving letters free of postage, is given to the following persons, viz. 

President and Vice Pres't. of U. S. Sect's, of State, I'reagury, War, and Navy, P. M. General and Ass'ts 
P. M. Gen. Att'y. Gen., C'ompt's. of the Treasury, Audi's., Reg. Treas., Comm'r. of the Gen. Lund Office, 
Ex-Presidents of the U. S., Members of Congress (during the Session, and GO days before and after the same,) 
Comm's. of the Navy Board, Adj't. Gen. Comjn'y. Gen. Insji's. Gen. Cluart. Mas. Gen. Pay Mast. Gen. 
Sect'y. of the Senate, Clerk of the H. of Rep. Sup'nt. of the Patent Office ; and P. Masters, not to exceed 
half an ounce in weight, and one daily newspaper. 

UNITED STATES MINT.— This institution commenced operations in 1792, at Philadelpliia, where it 
has always been located. A spacious and splendid edifice ibr its accommodation was eommeneed in that city 
in 1829, and is now completed. The coinage ofl'cctod from the time of its estabUshment to 1829, was 
109,378,031 pieces of gold, silver, and copper, amountiiiij to ft'32,176,825 37. The coinage at the mint in 

1830, amounted to 8,357,191 pieces — value $3,155,620. It is to be hoped, that the mode of computing by 
pounds, shilUngs, and pence, will be abolished; and that pistareens, shilling, nine-penny, seven- penny half- 
lienny, and eleven-penny bits will soon, by means of-tliis institution, assume the more convenient form of the 
iederal coins. 

An eagle of gold, valued at $10, must weigh 11 penny-weights and 6 grains. A dollar must weigh 17 pen- 
ny-weights and 7 grains of silver ; and a cent must weigh 1 1 penny-weights of copper. All coins ceased to be 
a legal tender in the United States on the 15th October, 1797, except federal coins and Spanish milled dollan. 

UNITED STATES BANK.— This bank was incorporated March 3, 1816. It is located at Ptuladel- 
phia. It has a capital of 35 millions of dollars, which is divided into 350,000 shares, of $100 each. Its char- 
ter expires in 1836. The United States hold 70,000 share|; individuals the residue. Nicholas Biddlc is 
President, and Samuel Jaudon, Cashier. There are 26 branches of this bank now in operation in various 
parts of the union. The shares of this bank in 1817, were worth 56 per cent, advance, and Oct. 1, 1832, 
17 per cent, advance. The old United States Bank was chartered in 1791. Its charter expired in 1811. Its 
capital was $10,000,000, divided into 25,000 shares t it made an average, annual dividend, of 8§ per cent, dur- 
ing its continuance. In 1809, 18,000 of the shares were held by foreigners. 

MINISTERS AND DIPLOMATIC AGENTS OF THE UNITED ST ATES— Resident m 
foreign Countries. — Great Britain — Minister, London. France — William C. Rives, Min- 

ister, Paris. Russia- James Buchanan, Minister, St. Petersburgh. Spain — Cornelius P. Van Ness, Minister, 
Madrid. Portugal — Thomas L. L. Brent, Chargfe d' Affaires, Lisbon. Netherlands — A. Devezac, Charge 
d'AfTairs. Brussels. Sweden — Christopher Hughes, Charge d' Affaires, Stockholm. Denmark — Henry 
Wheaton,'Chargfe d' Affaires, Copenhagen. United Mexican States — Anthony Butler, Cliargfe d'Aflhires, 
Mexico. Colombia — Thomas P.Moore, Minister, Bogota. Brazil — E. A. Brown, Chargfe d'Affaires, Rio 
de Janeiro. Republic of Peru— Samuel Lamed, Chargfe d' Affaires, Lima. Republic of Buenos .4yrcs-Fran<!i3 
Bayhes, Charged' Affaires. Chili — John Hamm,Cnarg6d' Affaires, St. Jagode Chili. Barbary Pcmers— 
David Porter, Consul General, Algiers. /fci/Ji.— Francis M.Dimond, Commercial Agent, Port au Prince. 

The pay of Ministers Plenipotentiary is $9,000 outfit, and $9,000 per armum. Chargfes d'AlFaircs rcccivo 
64,500, arid Secretaries of Lega.tion $2,000 per annum. 

PUBLIC LANDS OP THE UNITED STATES.— The l>ublic lands within the states and territo- 
ries of the United States, consist of those lands ceded by many of the states to the United States ; the latter 
taking the resjionsibility of extinguishing the Indian titles, together with those lands obtained from France by 
the purchase of Louisiana, and those by the cession of the Floridas from Spain. The number of acres thus 
acquired by the United States, previous to the 1st of January, 1826, was 314,323,120 acres. From this quan- 
tity 55,947,453 acres must be deducted as being the undisputed property of the Indians. The public domain, 
therefore, at that date, was 210,373,300 of acres, after deducting 19,339,412 acres, which had then been sold ; 
7,708,066 acres appropriated for schools and colleges, and 31,156,889 acres appropriated for military bounties, 
private claims, and special donations. The cost of these lands to the United States, was $33,911,813. The 
19,239,412 acres sold for $40,351,880. The expense incident to that sale, was $1,154,950. Prom 1826, to 
June, 1829, 3,237,682 acres more had been sold for $4,386,801. Some has, probably, been sold since. Of the 
sum paid for these lands by the United States, the Indians have received $3,392,494, and the state of Georgia, 
86,200,000. The minimum price of these lands is $1J per acre ; and, since 1820, no credit is given to pur- 
chasers. These lands are surveyed before they are offered for sale. They are divided into townships of six 
miles square, which arc divided into 36 .sections, one mile square, containing each 640 acres ; and sold in sec- 
tions and parts of sections. One mile square in each township is reserved for a school fund. A large quan- 
tity of these lands is surveyed, and for sale at the various land offices in the states where they .arc located. 
Elijah Hayward is the land commissioner at Washington, and James M. Moore, chief clerk. These lands 
lie in the following states and territories: viz. Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, 
Michigan, Arkansas, and east and west Florida. These lands hold out a most inviting prospect to the enter- 
prising emigrant. 

The quantity of unceded lands belonging to the Indians, and lying north and west of the states and territo- 
ries of the United States, but within the luuits of the United Suites, has been estimated at about 750,000,000 
acres. 



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